Ž . Apparent digestibility coefficients ADCs of macronutrients and energy, and apparent absorpŽ . tion coefficients AACs of amino acids and elements were assessed in an experiment with 0.9 kg Atlantic salmon reared in saltwater tanks. Duplicate groups of fish were fed five diets, where 0, Ž . Ž . 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50% of crude protein CP from fish meal FM was replaced with CP from Ž . wheat gl...

Tissue growth during animal development depends on the coordination of cell proliferation and cell death. The EGF-receptor/MAPK, Hedgehog, Dpp, Wingless (Wg) and Notch signaling pathways have been implicated in growth control in the developing Drosophila wing. In this report, we examine the effects of Notch and Wg on growth in terms of cell proliferation and cell survival. Reduction of Wg signa...

Recent studies in Drosophila have shown that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for Wingless (Wg/Wnt) signaling. In addition, genetic and phenotypic analyses have implicated the glypican gene dally in this process. Here, we report the identification of another Drosophila glypican gene, dally-like (dly) and show that it is also involved in Wg signaling. Inhibition of dly gene act...

Morphogens are signaling molecules that regulate growth and patterning during development by forming a gradient and activating different target genes at different concentrations. The extracellular distribution of morphogens is tightly regulated, with the Drosophila morphogen Wingless (Wg) relying on Dally-like (Dlp) and transcytosis for its distribution. However, in the absence of Dlp or endocy...

We survey and analyse the relevant existing work on typing of rules, in particular on typing of constraint logic programs and discuss applicability of these approaches to the REWERSE reasoning and query languages under development by WG I1 and by WG I4. This is related to WG I1, developing logic programming like languages for reasoning on the web and with WG I4 investigating development of decl...

The Western Ghats (WG) of south India, a global biodiversity hotspot, has experienced complex geological history being part of Gondwana landmass and encountered extensive volcanic activity at the end of Cretaceous epoch. It also has a climatically and topographically heterogeneous landscape. Thus, the WG offer a unique setting to explore the influence of ecological and geological processes on t...

In most animals, the antero-posterior (A-P) axis requires a gradient of Wnt signaling. Wnts are expressed posteriorly in many vertebrate and invertebrate embryos, forming a gradient of canonical Wnt/β-Catenin activity that is highest in the posterior and lowest in the anterior. One notable exception to this evolutionary conservation is in the Drosophila embryo, in which the A-P axis is establis...

BACKGROUND Whole-grain (WG) intake is important for human health, but accurate intake estimation is challenging. Use of a biomarker for WG intake provides a possible way to validate dietary assessment methods. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to validate WG intake from 2 diets reported by children, using plasma alkylresorcinol (AR) concentrations, and to investigate the 3-mo reproducibility of AR concen...

The Wnt/Wingless (Wg) pathway controls cell fate specification, tissue differentiation and organ development across organisms. Using an in vivo RNAi screen to identify novel kinase and phosphatase regulators of the Wg pathway, we identified subunits of the serine threonine phosphatase Protein Phosphatase 4 (PP4). Knockdown of the catalytic and regulatory subunits of PP4 cause reductions in the ...

WG is a synchronous stream cipher submitted to the hardware profile of eSTREAM project. The main feature of this stream cipher is the use of WG transformation. WG uses keys and initial vectors (IVs) of the same lengths 80, 96, 112 and 128 bits. Moreover, IVs of the length 32 and 64 bits are admitted. The most important key recovery attack on WG was presented by Wu and Preneel and uses the weakn...