Megasonic energy assisted wet cleaning is traditionally used for removal of particulate contaminants from wafer and mask surfaces in semiconductor industry. One of the major issues associated with megasonic cleaning is the damage caused to fragile features due to transient cavitation. Development of a method to monitor transient cavitation events in solutions irradiated with sound energy will a...

In waterjet and laser milling, material is removed from a solid surface in a succession of layers to create a new shape, in a depth-controlled manner. The inverse problem consists of defining the control parameters, in particular, the two-dimensional beam path, to arrive at a prescribed freeform surface. Waterjet milling (WJM) and pulsed laser ablation (PLA) are studied in this paper, since a g...

compositions of biotite from three different rock types of mashhad granitoids, i.e., granodiorite, monzogranite and leucogranite in ne of iran have been documented by electron microprobe and wet chemistry for fe3+ and fe2+. mashhad granitoids have been geochronologically and petrologically grouped into g1 and g2 phases. microprobe data show that the total fe contents in biotite from g2 leucogra...

For the time integration of stii transport-chemistry problems from air pollution modelling, standard ODE solvers are not feasible due to the large number of species and the 3D nature. The popular alternative, standard operator splitting, introduces artiicial transients for short-lived species. This complicates the chemistry solution, easily causing large errors for such species. In the framewor...

The density of biochemical factors of blood in wet cupping is statistically different from phlebotomy In summary we have cupped 40 volunteers and at the same time we sampled their venous blood. Then wet cupping and venous samples were sent to the lab for comparing blood triglyceride, cholesterol, sugar, urea, uric acid and creatinine factors. The results show that there are significant differen...