Fruit is a ripened ovary of flower and may either fleshy or nut. Fruits are generally cultivated as well as wild, cultivated fruits are grown by farmers for economical benefits while wild fruits are occurring only in their natural environment. As population increases the areas of plantation and forest used for human welfare, number of plants decreases so wild plants lost their identity and decr...

driven erosion could govern tectonic deformation has instigated a decade of geodynamic models and geological studies 5 that explore potential climate–tectonic feedbacks. According to this idea, erosion of mass from Earth’s surface may determine where tectonic deformation is most rapid. Consequently, heavy precipitation, rapid erosion and active faulting are predicted to be spatially correlated ...

Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca (Güldenstädt, 1770) and Brown-headed Gull Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus (Jerdon, 1840), two high altitude wetland migratory birds, were recorded for the first time from Sikkim, eastern Himalaya. The importance of conservation wetlands Sikkim Himalaya is highlighted.

A review of different conservation aspects of rhododendrons from the Sikkim Himalaya is retraced. Works done in the past and present on the various aspects of the regional rhododendrons vis-à-vis national and global research findings are presented and discussed for its contribution and effect to the understanding of the group. Rhododendrons which are classified as rare, endangered and threatene...

We model crustal deformation and the resulting thermal structure across the Nepal Himalaya, assuming that, since 20Ma, shortening across the range has been primarily taken up by slip along a single thrust fault, the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) Fault, and that the growth of the Himalayan wedge has resulted mainly from underplating and to the development of a duplex at midcrustal depth. We show t...

Turcinoemacheilus himalaya, new species, is described from the Koshi and Gandaki River basins of Nepal. The new species is distinguished from its hypothesised congener, Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi, from the Euphrates, Tigris and Karoun basins of the Middle East, by the presence of small scales on the posterior half of its body (v. absence of all scales), its shorter caudal peduncle (caudal pedun...

Thirty-three debris fans and five small alpine basins on the south side of the rapidly uplifting Nanga Parbat Himalaya of northern Pakistan were assessed to determine how much alpine processes contribute to the overall denudation of the massif. A high-resolution digital elevation model was used to measure the volume of the small alpine fans and a few basins in the Rupal valley. These volumetric...