Background: Consumption of chronic morphine induces neuro-inflammation and addictive seeking behavior. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe), a well-known spice plant, has been used traditionally in the treatment of a wide variety of ailments. It has been shown that ginger has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and antinociceptive properties. However, its influences on morphine-induced addictive b...

Hippocampal participation in classical conditioning is described in terms of a multilayer network that portrays stimulus configuration. The network (a) describes behavior in real time, (b) incorporates a layer of "hidden" units positioned between input and output units, (c) includes inputs that are connected to the output directly as well as indirectly through the hidden-unit layer, and (d) use...

ir conditioning as we know it, providing thermal comfort by mechanical methods, first appeared in buildings about a hundred years ago. The ability to control temperature, humidity and air purity made urban development possible in the most inhospitable of locations. Together with electric lighting, air conditioning also eliminated restrictions on plan form and fenestration that architects had be...

Transfer payments to poor families are increasingly conditioned on work, either via wage subsidies available only to workers or via work requirements in more traditional welfare programs. Although the effects of such programs on employment are fairly well understood, relatively little is known about their effects on marriage or child well-being. We review a small number of studies that provide ...

Hand et al. (1) make a most useful contribution to the debate on the role of urban greenspaces in providing well-being benefits for children. Their discussion of the increasing disconnection between people and nature as a result of urbanization is valuable in a context of a nonsustainable humanity. However, we challenge their claim that “Children’s use of different urban habitats and their sele...

Kramers’ exit problem is concerned with noise activated escape from a potential well. In case the noise strength, , (temperature measured in units of potential barrier height) is small this becomes a singular perturbation problem. It is shown that actually, most of the probability of the exit points on the separatrix is located at a distance O( √ ) from the saddle point and the probability vani...

We use data from both waves of the National Survey of Families and Households to assess whether relinquishing a serious intention to have (more) children leads to greater increases in depressive symptoms than continuing confidence in childbearing intentions. Our sample includes 2,200 individuals of childbearing age, men and women, all parities, and all marital statuses. Change score analysis sh...

‘I’hc truncated singular value decomposition (SW) is considered as a method for rcgularization of ill-posed linear lcast squares pro&ins. In particular, the .truncatcd SVl> solution is compared wi th the usua l rcguiarizcd so.lution. Ncccssary conditions arc d&cd in which the two m&hods will yield similar results. This investigation suggests the truncated SW as n filvorablc al-. tcrnativc to st...