In fiscal year 1984, public social welfare expenditures’ reached $672.0 billion, an increase of 4.7 percent over the amount spent by Federal, State, and local governments in 1983. Measured in constant (1984) dollars, the increase was only 0.5 percent more than the previous year’s amount and was the lowest real increase since 1978-79. Public welfare spending represented 18.2 percent of the gross...

According to the essential facilities doctrine, competition law requires an infrastructural monopoly to provide access. Under the ”Bronner criterion”, proposed by the EC Court, the doctrine is only applicable when an infrastructural duopoly is non-viable. This paper uses a simple model to illustrate that, from a welfare point-of-view, the Bronner criterion may provide too little monopoly protec...

Dr Temple Grandin, Colorado State University. Temple Grandin is a world renowned expert in animal welfare and behaviour, as well as a campaigner on autism. She has designed livestock handling facilities now used around the world, and devised an objective scoring system for assessing the handling of cattle and pigs at abattoirs. Temple Grandin is an inspirational speaker and in 2010, Time Magazi...

The effects of a small fire event at a nuclear power plant can disrupt the supply of electricity to many thousands of customers and loss of feed-in tariffs to the operator. The consequences of a serious fire that causes core damage can affect the health and welfare of millions, perhaps generations of citizens and the environment. Clearly the stakes are very high. Nothing defines 'mission-critic...

Tail biting represents both a major animal welfare and economic problem for the pig industry with losses due to reduced weight gain, increased on-farm veterinary treatment, culling and carcass condemnation. Tail biting has a multifactorial origin. It is known to be sporadic, making outbreaks difficult to predict and understand, even within the same facilities and under similar management system...

a sible approaches to the treatment and prevention of delinquency, which include: tjr Equate school welfare service, systematic diagnostic investigation of children before the Courts, special day and residential educational facilities, volunaPproved schools", residential industrial training, development of leisure activities, for Iilore research. Most important of all is Dr. Stott's emphasis on...