Weaning stress caused marked changes in intestinal structure and function. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and canonical Smads signaling pathway are suspected to play an important regulatory role in post-weaning adaptation of the small intestine. In the present study, the intestinal morphology and permeability, developmental expressions of tight junction proteins and TGF-β1 in the intest...

BACKGROUND Many years of bracing represent a burden to the patients. Early weaning may be the result of poor compliance, but may also be planned in patients with a long expected treatment time and a reduced stable primary curve during bracing. The aim of the present cohort study was to compare curve size, health related quality of life and surgical rates at long-term follow-up after ordinary br...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine the elements of the intensive care environment and consider the impact on nurses' involvement in decision-making when weaning from mechanical ventilation. BACKGROUND Optimal management of difficult to wean patients requires the dynamic collaboration of all clinicians and the contribution of their knowledge and skills. The introduction of weaning protocols has in...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical relevance of the weaning from mechanical ventilation classification system derived from the 2005 international consensus conference, in patients who receive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, and evaluate its correlation with prognosis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a 12-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in a teaching hospital....

AIM To compare T-tube and pressure support ventilation (PSV) as two methods of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. METHODS A randomized prospective study included 260 patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h, and who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at Dr. Josip Bencevic General Hospital in Slavonski Brod, between August 1999 and October 2000. Af...

The data were collected from 1992 to 2009 in Burri, White Boni and Black Boni sheep maintained at the Regional Research Station in the Central Highlands of Yemen. Data were analyzed to study the effects of environmental and genetic factors on body weight and growth rate from birth to weaning. The least square means for body weights (BW) were 2.54, 2.18 and 2.26 kg for birth; 12.49, 10.58 and 11...

This research examined age and method of weaning in a sample of 179 women who practiced extended breastfeeding. The average age for weaning was between 2 years 6 months and 3 years 0 months and ranged from 1 month to 7 years 4 months. Fourteen women had each weaned at least three children, and the youngest children were significantly older at the time of weaning than were their older siblings. ...

Numerous studies have documented the cariogenic effects of prolonged or nocturnal bottle feeding in children. Guidelines prepared by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggest that pediatricians advise parents to begin bottle weaning when their child is approximately nine months of age and accomplish weaning soon after the first birthday. However, little information exists concerning the ...

BACKGROUND The recommended age of introduction of solids food to the diet of infants (weaning) has recently been increased in the UK to 6 months, but most babies are still weaned before the age of 4 months. AIMS To examine what predicts the age of weaning and how this relates to weight gain and morbidity using data from a population based cohort. METHODS Parents of 923 term infants born in ...

Weanling pigs (n = 176), 21 to 26 d of age (average initial weight, 7.1 kg), were used to evaluate the effects of weaning time (evening vs morning) and feeding time (immediate vs delayed) on postweaning performance. Pigs were randomly allotted within litters to four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement as follows: 1) weaning at 2000 with immediate feeding, 2) weaning at 2000 with 12-h de...