This study describes the retrieval of water vapor vertical distributions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) altitude range from space-borne observations of the scattered solar light made in limb viewing geometry. First results using measurements from SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) aboard ENVISAT (Environmental Satellite) are...

The processes that fix the fractionation of the stable isotopes of water in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are studied using cloud-resolving model simulations of an idealized equatorial Walker circulation with an imposed Brewer-Dobson circulation. This allows the explicit representation of the convective and microphysical processes at work in the TTL. In this model, the microphysical trans...

A possibility of measuring water vapor column from diffuse irradiance, and thus the extension of optical retrievals to cloudy days, was investigated. The data from the Rotating Shadowband Spectroradiometer (RSS) during its winter deployment at the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) site is used. The initial analysis covers 20 days in March 1999 that include clear, partly cloudy, and overcast days. Dur...

sReceived 26 July 2004; accepted 9 November 2004; published online 20 January 2005d We show that low partial pressures of water vapor s10−5 Pad dramatically increase the intensity of neutral Na and Cl emissions from cleaved, single-crystal NaCl during pulsed laser irradiation at 248 nm sKrF excimerd. The time-of-flight distributions of these emissions are consistent with thermal desorption from...

Water vapor fluorescence in air induced by femtosecond laser filaments was systematically investigated. The fluorescence signal intensity was found to be linearly proportional to the water vapor concentration, which opens up the possibility of absolute humidity measurements, even remotely.

What is smoke? Two sources of health and visibility hazards produced by forestry smoke are of interest to us today-water vapor and particulate matter. Researchers analyzing the chemistry of smoke from southern prescribed fires have found that more than 90 percent of the mass emitted is in carbon dioxide and water vapor (USDA Forest Service 1976). Water vapor is important because it can affect v...

Estimations by previous studies show that a minor amount of the Indian monsoon rainfall is contributed by Indian monsoon depressions (IMDs). In contrast, other studies found that approximately half of the summer monsoon rainfall in the northern Indian subcontinent is generated by IMDs. IMDs occur an average of six times during the summer season and provide a crucial water source to the agricult...

4 A novel method for irrigation with saline water uses a polymer membrane, formed 5 into a tube, to treat and distribute the water simultaneously. The flux of water across 6 the membrane occurs by the process of pervaporation, during which a phase change from 7 liquid to vapor occurs. Thus water arrives in the soil in vapor phase. The experimental 8 results presented in this paper demonstrate t...

This paper reports Rayleigh scattering experiments on metmyoglobin crystals and freeze dried myoglobin which was exposed to air with different parital pressure of water vapor. While dry myoglobin shows no fluctuations between conformational substates such "breathing modes" are rarely seen in water covered myoglobin. Larger amounts of water increase the average mean square displacements. In crys...

Pressure-broadened half-widths of 2 transitions are determined using the complex Robert–Bonamy formal9 ism for four isotopomers of water vapor: H18 2 O; H 17 2 O; HD O, and D16 2 O. The calculations are made with nitrogen and oxygen as the perturbing gases. A survey of the literature revealed N2-broadened measurements 11 of 365, 61, 990, and 545 2 transitions of the H18 2 O; H 17 2 O; HD O, and...