valuation is one of the main subjects in investment management which plays an important role in efficient capital allocation. valuation has become an important subject since supreme leader addressed the 44th principal of constitutional law. considering many problems which have arrised in valuation and stock pricing by privatization organization during resent years,it is essential to pay more at...

Recently the number of contingent valuation studies conducted in developing countries has increased. Many have been done to value access to clean water, but there are still very few applications to tropical forest resources. In light of the fact that tropical forests cover a mere 7% of the earth’s land surface, yet provide estimates of up to half the world’s biota, there is a distinct need for ...

This study aims to evaluate the non-market values of ecosystem services generated by wetlands in Southern Quebec. To accomplish this, we evaluated the value of wetland services related to 1) habitat for biodiversity, 2) flood control, 3) water quality and 4) climate regulation. Two non-market valuation methods are proposed, contingent valuation (CV) and choice experiment (CE). Our study aims to...

Wetlands are very important ecosystems from the ecological, productivity and conservation perspective. Economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by wetlandsquantifies various benefits derived wetlands puts a value on their conservation. One such wetland importance is Renuka wetland, which natural located in Western Himalayas, State Himachal Pradesh India. The article aims to assess eval...

This paper estimates the value of water quality for outdoor recreation in Wales, considering all beaches and rivers country, accounting accrued to existing visits gener...

Hedge fund managers charge management fees on assets under management (AUM) and incentive fees indexed to the high-water mark (HWM). We study the effects of fees and alpha on managerial dynamic leverage choice and valuation. Our main results are: (i) high-powered incentive fees encourage excessive risk taking, while management fees have the opposite effect; (ii) agency conflicts have significan...