Abstract More attention has been paid to the exfoliation of oxide scale on high-temperature heating surface utility boiler. The oxidation mechanism HCM12A steel in supercritical water is proposed and growth film simulated. duplex contains an outer magnetite layer inner Cr-rich spinel layer. According data Backhaus Töpfer, diffusion coefficient values iron are discussed function R V , <m:math xm...

An Industrial boiler is considered as highly energy intensive equipment. The primary objective of this study to identify and quantify the potential losses different sections fire tube its overall performance. Several saving measures such combustion optimization, excess air control, control flue gases temperature effect excessive or uncontrolled steam blow down on performance are also applied. E...

In this paper the reclamation and reuse of municipal secondary effluents, as well as the reclamation and recycling of refinery secondary effluents, are technically and economically evaluated. It is shown that both practices are feasible and sustainable, and that the reclamation costs depend largely on specific circumstances such as legal requirements, price policy, reuse application, raw water ...

Recovery of both latent heat and condensate from boiler flue gas is significant for improving boiler efficiency and water conservation. The condensation experiments are carried out to investigate the simultaneous heat and mass transfer across the nanoporous ceramic membranes (NPCMs) which are treated to be hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces using the semicontinuous supercritical reactions. Th...

Copper alloys are widely used in the manufacturing of heat transfer applications, this due to their excellent heat transfer properties. Copper contamination is one of the serious industrial problems in the boiler feed water system. This contamination commonly resulted from copper corrosion reactions in boiler feed water environment. The best way to reduce the copper contamination is by improvin...

In a pasteurized milk process, the milk must be heated to above 72C and subsequently cooled to a low temperature about 4C in order to ensure a food safety. According to the real pasteurized milk plant, individually single variable control approach including manual control with butterfly valve and automatic control by on-off controller have been carried out to control milk level at storage tanks...

A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle. The greatest variation in the design of thermal power stations is due ...

Wall thinning due to corrosion in utility boiler waterwall tubing is a significant operational concern for boiler operators. Historically, conventional ultrasonics has been used for inspection of these tubes. Unfortunately, ultrasonic inspection is very manpower intense and slow. Therefore, thickness measurements are typically taken over a relatively small percentage of the total boiler wall an...