Desertification could be traced back to one or many factors. Thus, to cope with such a phenomenon, there exists a need for a profound understanding of the processes and the causes. The study area of the current paper is the extent of Shahrekord’s Marghzar as an important case amongst the important ones of the province. In order to evaluate the roots of desertification in the area, the Iranian m...

desertification could be traced back to one or many factors. thus, to cope with such a phenomenon, there exists a need for a profound understanding of the processes and the causes. the study area of the current paper is the extent of shahrekord’s marghzar as an important case amongst the important ones of the province. in order to evaluate the roots of desertification in the area, the iranian m...

In this article, we study the concept of maximum drawdown and its relevance to the prevention of portfolio losses. Maximum drawdown is defined as the largest market drop during a given time interval. We show that maximum drawdown can serve as an additional tool for portfolio managers on top of already existing contracts, such as put or lookback options.

The Three Gorges Dam features two water-level fluctuation zones (WLFZs): the preupland drawdown zone (PU-DZ) and the preriparian drawdown zone (PR-DZ). To investigate the vegetation potential of Roegneria nutans in WLFZs, we compared the submergence tolerance and germination dynamics in the natural riparian zone (NRZ), PU-DZ and PR-DZ. We found that the NRZ seeds maintained an 81.3% intactness ...

The drawdown process of a one-dimensional regular diffusion process X is given by X reflected at its running maximum. The drawup process is given by X reflected at its running minimum. We calculate the probability that a drawdown precedes a drawup in an exponential time-horizon. We then study the law of the occupation times of the drawdown process and the drawup process. These results are appli...

Aquifer information carried by aquifer test data may be affected by the presence of a finite thickness skin around the wellbore. The mathematical treatment for an aquifer accounting for the skin zone can be characterized by five parameters, that is, the outer radius of the skin zone and the transmissivity and storativity for each of the skin and aquifer zones. Sensitivity analysis was performed...

A taxonomy of large financial crashes proposed in the literature locates the burst of speculative bubbles due to endogenous causes in the framework of extreme stock market crashes, defined as falls of market prices that are outlier with respect to the bulk of drawdown price movement distribution. This paper goes on deeper in the analysis providing a further characterization of the rising part o...

Maximum Relative Drawdown measures the largest percentage drop of the price process on a given time interval. Recently, Maximum Relative Drawdown has become more popular as an alternative measure of risk. In contrast to the Value at Risk measure, it captures the path property of the price process. In this article, we propose a partial differential equation approach to determine the theoretical ...