the scarcity of irrigation water and decrease of water resources are the most important limiting factors in crop production in countries such as iran. thus, studying the optimum use of water and increasing water use efficiency are essential to the agricultural sector. the use of a low pressure hydroflume has been suggested to replace traditional surface irrigation methods. the aim of this resea...

an experimental database is compiled in order to fingerprint the scales formed over the hot surfaces of heat exchangers, in cooling water systems or other systems with similar chemistry. to collect these data, a dynamic simulating pilot plant was designed with considerable application flexibility among which simultaneous flow of water with different velocity and heat fluxes to three simulating ...