The addition of mist to a flow of steam or gas offers enhanced cooling for many applications, including cooling of gas turbine blades. The enhancement mechanisms include effects of mixing of mist with the gas phase and effects of evaporation of the droplets. An impinging mist flow is attractive for study because the impact velocity is relatively high and predictable. Water droplets, less than 1...

Ethanol oxidation rate in high pressure steam at the pressure of 10 MPa in the temperature ranging from 430 to 490 °C was studied with the fuel equivalence ratio of 0.4. On the assumption that the reaction order is first order, the reaction rate parameters obtained in the experiments are 10 ± 0.4 s for the pre-exponential factor and 166.5 ± 6.1 kJ·mol for the activation energy. This ethanol oxi...

The paper presents an analysis of relations describing entropy generation in a condenser of a steam unit. Connections between entropy generation, condenser ratio, and heat exchanger effectiveness, as well as relations implied by them are shown. Theoretical considerations allowed to determine limits of individual parameters which describe the condenser operation. Various relations for average te...

The Mixed Logical Dynamical (MLD) formalism is an efficient modeling framework for hybrid systems which allows formulating and solving problems such as moving horizon predictive control and state estimation. This paper presents the application of the combined strategies – state estimation for fault detection and predictive control for water level control – to a steam generator benchmark modeled...

The water level in boiler drum is the critical control parameter to be addressed for providing the efficient and safe operation of steam generators in power plants. The regulation is achieved by using the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique, namely, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). It has the capability of self-learning as ANN with the linguistic expression function of fuzzy in...

The measurement of Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) can be used in the water/steam cycle of a power plant to infer information about system reactions to water chemistry. While the measurement of ORP is by no means a new measurement, the high purity water of the water/steam cycle is a relatively new application for ORP. This presents a challenge since little information is available on proper...

Inferred pH means pH calculated from straight and cation conductivity. The calculation can be applied to condensate, feedwater, and boiler water. Although not widely used in the United States, inferred pH is popular in Europe. Some plant chemists find inferred pH useful because it eliminates the need to measure pH directly, which without proper equipment can be a difficult task. This paper disc...

The Extreme Measurement Communications Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) explores the deployment of a wireless sensor system with a real-time measurement-based energy efficiency optimization framework in the ORNL campus. With particular focus on the 12-mile long steam distribution network in our campus, we propose an integrated system-level approach to optimize the energy delivery ...

A method has been developed to infer the wettability of steam-water-rock systems based on the relationship between permeability and capillary pressure by Purcell. The Purcell model was extended to two-phase flow to verify whether the wettability is a function of water saturation. The results calculated using the experimental data showed that the wettability index in the drainage process was gre...

The present work examines the distribution of spray water in the superheating section for steam temperature control in a once-through circulating fluidized bed (OTU-CFB) boiler. Combustion power generation has become challenging due to increasingly fast load change demands. There is also a constant need to improve power plant efficiency, which leads to extreme operating conditions and complicat...