Soil structure is a crucial constituent influencing soil organic richness, rooting systems, and moisture conservation. Adding biochar to the soil, which directly affects aggregation, can significantly alter status. The extent of this impact influenced by temperature at pyrolysis formed. derived from wheat straw made 350, 450, 550, 650 °C (B350, B450, B550, B650) on aggregation retention was eva...

The authors report results for the electronic properties of the S(1) singlet excited state of H(3)O(+)[OH(H(2)O)((n-2))](-) aggregates, where n=2-5 is the number of water molecules. The energy of the excited state was defined relative to the ground state of neutral water clusters. Results for ionized aggregates are also reported. The results are based on configuration interaction with single ex...

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times were studied in acclimated and nonacclimated Kharkov winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crowns and acclimated cell aggregates to determine if membrane permeability was altered by freezing. The NMR water signal decay consisted of two exponential components: a short one arising from extracellular water, and a long one arising from intracellular w...

The dynamics and formation mechanisms of marine snow aggregates from abandoned larvacean houses were examined by laboratory experiments and field sampling during a spring diatom bloom in a shallow fjord on the west coast of the USA. Intact aggregates were sampled both from sediment traps and directly from the water column by divers. All aggregates were composed of 1 abandoned house of the larva...

The aggregation kinetics of thermoresponsive core-shell micelles with a poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) shell in pure water or in mixtures of water with the cononsolvents methanol or ethanol at mole fractions of 5 -% is investigated during a temperature jump across the respective cloud point. At the cloud point, aggregates are formed, and their growth is followed with time-resolved smallangle neut...

The swelling of sponge-like bicontinuous mesophases of bilayers of surfactant (or lipid) in water as a function of dilution is analyzed. Analytic formulae for the swelling are derived assuming ii) constant aggregate thickness and (it) fixed surface area per surfactant molecule at an imaginary surface located within the bilayer. Approximate swelling laws are derived for bicontinuous films and co...