In the frame of the European Union project entitled EU-Families and Adolescents Quit Tobacco (www.eufaqt.eu) focus group analysis has been carried out in Hungary to acquire qualitative information on attitudes towards smoking in groups of adolescents, parents and educators, respectively. It rendered to identify methods for smoking prevention/ intervention with family approach. The results explo...

The failure of steel liner of pressure shafts of hydropower plants can have catastrophic consequences. The partial or total loss of the liner support’s rigidity is characterized by a local change of the hydro-acoustic properties and creates reflection boundaries for the water waves. This paper presents a new monitoring method for detecting and locating weak reaches by processing reflected water...

A pilot study of narghile water-pipe smokers in a cafe in the Hamra neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon, was conducted to develop a preliminary model of narghile water-pipe smoking behavior for use in laboratory smoking machine studies. The model is based on data gathered from smoking sessions of 30 min or longer duration from 52 smoker volunteers using a differential pressure puff topography instr...

We analyze the behavior of solutions of steady advection-diffusion problems in bounded domains with prescribed Dirichlet data when the Péclet number Pe 1 is large. We show that the solution converges to a constant in each flow cell outside a boundary layer of width O(ε), ε = Pe−1 around the flow separatrices. We construct an ε-dependent approximate “water-pipe problem” purely inside the boundar...

Pipe network layout optimization is an important and difficult problem in pipe network engineering. Differing from the previously proposed approaches for various optimization formulations, the authors use a methodology for pipe network optimization consisting of network layout optimization coupled with pipe sizing analysis. The methodology is based on a novel heuristic optimization algorithm in...

Figure 1: Reynolds’ 1883 experiment, still operating at the University of Manchester, UK. Water flows down a long pipe and ink is introduced at the pipe centerline. On the right are the original drawings showing the dye filament in laminar flow (a), and the rapid mixing of the dye and water when the Reynolds number is larger than about 2000 in (b). (c) shows details of vortical structures in tu...

For older water pipeline materials such as cast iron and asbestos cement, future pipe failure rates can be extrapolated from large volumes of existing historical failure data held by water utilities. However, for newer pipeline materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), only limited failure data exists and confident forecasts of future pipe failures cannot be made from historical data alone. T...

The feeder pipe in the pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) is exposed to a possible leakage during operation. Because of the geometrical complexity of the pipe and its inaccessibility due to a high radiation environment, it is difficult to examine the defect by the conventional ultrasonic method. The guided ultrasonic inspection was chosen for the inspection of the pipe. The torsional mode h...

The strength and fatigue properties of cast iron samples taken from water distribution mains have been investigated. Specimens were sourced from three sections of pipe which had experienced varying amounts of corrosion in service, enabling the variable of pipe condition to be incorporated within the study. The strengths in four-point flexure of small specimens from the pipes examined were descr...

in the construction process of a plastic concrete cut-off wall, concreting is usually performed using the termie pipe method. in this method, concreting is performed from the lowest point in the excavated trench (containing the slurry) using a funnel and the pipe connected to it. the concrete poured in the funnel gradually settles in the panel through the termie pipe which is beneath the slurry...