In October 2001, ,0.2 mol of SF6 was injected into the upper Hudson River, a modified natural channel with multiple dams, at Ft. Edward, N.Y. The tracer was monitored for 7 days as it moved ,50 km downriver. The longitudinal evolution of the tracer distribution was used to estimate one-dimensional advection s9.0±0.2 km d−1d and dispersion s17.3±4.0 m2 s−1d along the river axis. Comparison of th...

Ensuring the long-term, efficient, and safe operation of reservoir dams relies on slope stability embankment dams. Periodic fluctuations water level due to scheduling operations make bank vulnerable instability. To investigate influence various factors their interactions with dam under changing levels, a global sensitivity analysis method is proposed that accounts for seepage–stress coupling. A...

 The abundance and species composition of ciliates were analyzed in the Bukan Dam Reservoir (West Azerbaijan, Iran) from January to December 2008. Surface water samples were collected at monthly intervals from the middle (Stations 1 and 3) and shallow (Stations 2 and 4) areas of the lake. Three samples were taken in the water column using a 5-litre sampler. Totally 30 liters water was collected...

Hydraulic analogs of bioelectrical potentials are proposed as teaching tools in helping students with no formal background in physics and mathematics. Membrane capacitance is simulated by a water reservoir, V, whose variable level is the membrane potential. Resting membrane potential is simulated by a large capacitance reservoir of fixed level, connected to reservoir V through a tube having the...

This paper looks at issues associated with estimating risk of seismically initiated failure (uncontrolled release of the reservoir) of dams that are co-located with respect to each other and the location of future earthquakes. These may be dams on the same river or dams regionally co-located on different rivers. Failure of one or more dams could lead to serial dam failures on a single river; or...

The authors explore the theoretical and empirical relationship between the nonlocal quantities of the entrainment ratio E, the appropriately depthand time-averaged flux coefficient G, and the bulk Froude number Fro in density currents. The main theoretical result is that E 5 0.125 G Fr 2 o(C 3 U /CL)/cosu, where u is the angle of the slope over which the density current flows, CL is the ratio t...

This contribution presents different approaches for the modeling of air entrainment under water by plunging jets in CFD codes. In simulations which include the full length of the jet and its environment, the process of bubble generation can not be resolved due to computational limitations. This is why the air entrainment has to be modeled in meso-scale simulations. In the frame of an EulerEuler...

To avoid the generation of air-entraining vortices at a projected outlet structure in an existing reservoir of a pumped-storage plant, large-scale model tests were conducted. The model, with a scale of 1:18, had the considerable dimensions of 30 m in length and 16 m in width. Due to the complex shape of the reservoir, the many inlets and outlets, and numerous operating conditions, very complex ...

The global expansion of energy demands combined with abundant rainfall, large water volumes and high flow in tropical rivers have led to an unprecedented expansion of dam constructions in the Amazon. This expansion generates an urgent need for refined approaches to river management; specifically a move away from decision-making governed by overly generalized guidelines. For the first time we qu...