Recent drought and population growth are planting unprecedented demand for the use of available limited water resources. Irrigated agriculture is one of the major consumers of fresh water. Huge amount of water in irrigated agriculture is wasted due to poor water management practices. To improve water management in irrigated areas, models for estimation of future water requirements are needed. D...

Accurate forecasts of water demand are required for real-time control of water supply systems under normal and abnormal conditions. A methodology is presented for quantifying, diagnosing and reducing model structural and predictive errors for the development of short term water demand forecasting models. The methodology (re-)emphasises the importance of posterior predictive checks of modelling ...

Characterization and evaluation of a biological submerged filter was carried out on a full-scale pilot plant performing removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) from pre-treated urban wastewater. The average influent values of BOD5, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TN were 370, 1,015 and 60 mg/L, respectively. The pilot plant produced good discharge quality during stea...

This paper describes and analyzes agricultural water demands for Benin, West Africa. Official statistical data regarding water quantities as well as knowledge on factors influencing the demand for water are extremely rare and often reveal national trends without considering regional or local differences. Thus policy makers usually work with this estimated and aggregated data, which make it very...

Restrictions on the use of water supplied by water corporations are frequently introduced in Australian cities whenever the demand for water exceeds the experienced or anticipated supply. This paper examines evidence from a stratified random survey of 2179 households in Sydney in a period when restrictions on domestic water use outside the home had just been imposed. The paper explores attitude...

Demand for hydropower is increasing, yet the water footprints (WFs) of reservoirs and hydropower, and their contributions to water scarcity, are poorly understood. Here, we calculate reservoir WFs (freshwater that evaporates from reservoirs) and hydropower WFs (the WF of hydroelectricity) in China based on data from 875 representative reservoirs (209 with power plants). In 2010, the reservoir W...