Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs, prion diseases) are a class of fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting a variety of mammalian species including humans. A misfolded form of the prion protein (PrP(TSE)) is the major, if not sole, component of the infectious agent. Prions are highly resistant to degradation and to many disinfection procedures suggesting that, if prions enter wa...

The estrogen receptor agonist fate of hexane extracts from various locations and phases (liquid and solid) within one pilot-scale and two full-scale wastewater treatment facilities were examined by use of the receptor-binding yeast estrogen screen (YES assay). Estrogenic activity was found in samples that contained a high concentration of biological solids and was particularly high in the suspe...

Ozone-based treatment trains offer a sustainable option for potable reuse applications, but nitrosamine formation during ozonation poses a challenge for municipalities seeking to avoid reverse osmosis and high-dose ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Six nitrosamines were monitored in full-scale and pilot-scale wastewater treatment trains. The primary focus was on eight treatment trains employing ozo...

Antibiotic resistance genes can be spread via gene horizontal transfer (GHT). Chlorination and UV irradiation are common disinfection methods used in wastewater treatment plants before the discharge of treated wastewater. This study aimed to elucidate effects on transformation naked DNA aquatic environment. The pUC19 plasmid possessing ampicillin-resistant beta-lactamase subjected different dos...

background: today, in many countries, wastewater treatment plants effluent is an important part of the renewable water resources. in this case, the effluent quality standards are developed and used is important. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of wastewater plants effluent restricted irrigation. methods: in this descriptive - analytical study, samples was collected fr...

In this work the electrochemical disinfection of the effluent of a secondary wastewater treatment plant is investigated. In the experimental work, performed on-site with real effluents of the WWTP located in Vuelta Ostrera (Cantabria, Spain), boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were employed. The initial concentration of E. coli in the effluent of the WWTP varied in the range 1.3 x 10⁴-5.2 x 1...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, use of disinfectants, alcohol-based hand sanitizers, and antiseptic wash has surged. As a precaution, many authorities have also increased chlorine dosage in wastewater disinfection to achieve free residual concentration greater than 6.5 mg/liter (1), despite evidence that just above 0.5 can completely inactivate human coronavirus (2). These chemicals reach aquatic...

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Veterinary antibiotics are widely used at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) to prevent disease and promote growth of livestock. However, the majority of antibiotics are excreted from animals in urine, feces, and manure. Consequently, the lagoons used to store these wastes can act as reservoirs of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. There is currently no regulation or con...