OBJECTIVE This study examines how naturalistic driving performance is influenced by the perceived reliability of an in-vehicle warning system using a unique measure of perceived reliability. BACKGROUND Prior studies of warning reliability conducted in simulator and test-track experiments demonstrate that the objective reliability of a warning can influence a driver's responsiveness to that wa...

Risk early-warning of natural disasters is a very intricate non-deterministic prediction, and it was difficult to resolve the conflicts and incompatibility of the risk structure. Risk early-warning factors of natural disasters were differentiated into essential attributes and external characters, and its workflow mode was established on risk early-warning structure with integrated Entropy and D...

AIMS To assess the impact of the introduction of graphic health warning labels on cigarette packets on adolescents at different smoking uptake stages. DESIGN School-based surveys conducted in the year prior to (2005) and approximately 6 months after (2006) the introduction of the graphic health warnings. The 2006 survey was conducted after a TV advertising campaign promoting two new health wa...

The design of an innovative rear-end collision-warning system was evaluated for effectiveness. The crash scenario involves a lead vehicle not moving (LVNM) in one lane of a straight, dry, paved arterial road and a following vehicle approaching in the same lane. The LVNM has a rearfacing sensor and is equipped with the rear crash-warning system, which allows the LVNM to flash its brake lights or...

Tsunamis are normally generated by underwater earthquakes. The earthquakes are normally easily detected by seismographs. However, the earthquake may not always generate a tsunami. Further, the severity of the earthquake is not linearly related to the severity of the tsunami. The tsunami may be detected by a deep-sea pressure transducer communicating through a surface rider buoy, through satelli...

today one of the ecological crisis is the phenomenon of desertification that affecting the world. desertification is more related to social and anthropogenic issues than natural causes and it becomes more important over the time. monitoringis the systematic collection and analysis of information as a project progresses. in this study, using ahp method and gis techniques has been to assess deser...

early warning systems are key components of strategies to reduce risk. this research, by adopting a systematic approach in the management of the risk of desertification and by including previously developed models and systems, offers an integrated efficient structure in terms of early warning for the risk of desertification as a pilot system for semi-arid areas of west golestan province in iran...

INTRODUCTION For the past 20 years, there have been no changes to the text-only cigarette warning labels in the United States. During this same time period, other countries placed large graphic warning labels on cigarette packages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reactions of U.S. young adult smokers and nonsmokers aged 18 to 24 years to Canadian cigarette label text and graphi...

BACKGROUND Studies suggest that gender differences exist in the recognition of stroke warning signs. Poor recognition of stroke warning signs has been attributed to negative treatment-seeking behaviors, which can result in poor outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the recognition of traditional early warning signs of stroke and first action to initiat...

This paper proposes an effective warning message forwarding scheme for cooperative collision avoidance. In an emergency situation, an emergency-detecting vehicle warns the neighbor vehicles via an emergency warning message. Since the transmission range is limited, the warning message is broadcast in a multihop manner. Broadcast packets lead two challenges to forward the warning message in the v...