Before shipment, California inshell walnuts destined for the valuable export market must be disinfested of both field pests (codling moth and navel orangeworm) and common storage pests (Indianmeal moth and red flour beetle). Until recently fumigation with methyl bromide has been the most common disinfestation method, but access to methyl bromide is now greatly restricted in developed countries,...

Walnuts belong to the products most exposed risk of oxidative deterioration at stages storage, transportation and sale. At same time, it should be taken into account that specific botanical varieties grown in different geographical regions have an individual chemical composition determines intensity ongoing oxidation processes, therefore nuts batches potential for storage. The lack a system tra...

iran is a major world producer of walnuts and a hub of walnut exports to other countries. walnut harvesting and cracking is still done manually, which increases price and waste. design and development of an effective harvester and walnut crusher is required to reduce costs and wastage. this study determined the mechanical properties of a test apparatus employing two flat jaws using different tr...

We present recent advances in quarantine and pre-shipment alternatives: phosphine and methyl bromide recapture for empty ship holds; radio frequency heating in walnuts; low oxygen followed by low oxygen, cold or virus treatment to disinfest dried fruits and nuts; controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system (CATTS) for fresh fruit.

A granulosis virus was tested as a potential control agent for codling moth larvae on walnuts. The virus was produced and supplied by Sandoz, Inc. as our experimental insecticide. This virus is of considerable interest because it has little or no effect on beneficial parasites and predators and, therefore, probably would not disturb the control of the walnut aphid by the parasite Trioxys palladus.