ALTHOUGH THE MAINTENANCE OF ADEQUATE SLEEP TIME AND SLEEP QUALITY ARE IMPORTANT FOR MANY ASPECTS OF OVERALL HEALTH AND NEUROCOGNITIVE performance,1-4 very little is known about how sex may affect the health and performance consequences associated with poor and inadequate sleep. A number of sex differences in sleep have, however, been reported. For instance, clinical studies using various method...

Fish larvae, like many adult fish, swim by undulating their body. However, their body size and swimming speeds put them in the intermediate flow regime, where viscous and inertial forces both play an important role in the interaction between fish and water. To study the influence of the relatively high viscous forces compared with adult fish, we mapped the flow around swimming zebrafish (Danio ...

OBJECTIVES This study was initiated to examine the impact of starting school on adolescent sleep, to compare weekday and weekend sleep times, and to attempt to normalize the timing of the circadian sleep/wake cycle by administering bright light in the morning. This was a collaborative project involving high school students and their parents, as well as high school and university faculty members...

Duty-cycling in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has both beneficial effects on network lifetime and negative effects on application performance due to the inability of a sensor to perform while it is sleeping. In a typical scenario, the active periods of nodes are randomly initialized, leading to unpredictable and often sub-optimal performance. In this paper, we propose a fully decentralized wa...

Effects of timed physical exercise were examined on the reentrainment of sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms to an 8-h phase-advanced sleep schedule. Seventeen male adults spent 12 days in a temporal isolation facility with dim light conditions (<10 lux). The sleep schedule was phase-advanced by 8 h from their habitual sleep times for 4 days, which was followed by a free-run session for 6 da...

Clinicians with interests in endocrinology, and in nutrition, have been among those with a concern for how the body builds and renews itself. Growth and renewal depend upon protein synthesis, for which food is necessary, for food provides amino acids. The biochemical controls for cellular protein synthesis, however, are similar for all organisms, and not immediately dependent on diet. We oursel...

We investigated the changes of circulating neurotransmitters during the wake-sleep cycle in order to find possible correlations with the activity of central neurocircuitry functioning. Noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (Ad), dopamine (DA), platelet serotonin (p-5HT), plasma serotonin (f-5HT) and plasma tryptophan (TRP) were assessed during the morning (supine resting + 1-min orthostasis + 5-min ex...

To reduce the energy cost of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the duty cycle (i.e., periodic wake-up and sleep) concept has been used in several medium access control (MAC) protocols. Although these protocols are energy efficient, they are primarily designed for low-traffic environments and therefore sacrifice delay in order to maximize energy conservation. However, many applications having bot...

Activity-dependent changes in synaptic efficacy (i.e., synaptic plasticity) can alter the way neurons communicate and process information as a result of experience. Synaptic plasticity mechanisms involve both molecular and structural modifications that affect synaptic functioning, either enhancing or depressing neuronal transmission. They include redistribution of postsynaptic receptors, activa...