There is an urgent need for a rotavirus vaccine, because up to 592,000 infants and young children <5 years old die each year from rotavirus diarrhea, predominantly in the developing countries. We have developed a tetravalent human-bovine rotavirus (UK) reassortant vaccine with VP7 (G) specificity for serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4, which has been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and effective in preven...

During the 2008-2009 rotavirus season of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention New Vaccine Surveillance Network, one case of paediatric acute gastroenteritis associated with a rotavirus G14P[24] strain was identified. This was the first detection of the genotype G14 and P[24] in humans, and the first detection of the G14P[24] combination. To gain an insight into the origins and the evo...

Aquareovirus, a member of the family Reoviridae, is a large virus with multiple capsid layers surrounding a genome composed of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA. Biochemical studies have shown that treatment with the proteolytic agent trypsin significantly alters the infectivity of the virus. The most infectious stage of the virus is produced by a 5-min treatment with trypsin. However, prolong...

In this study, we characterized human rotavirus strains recovered from infants and young children with acute diarrhea in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, during 2000-2004. In total, 719 fecal specimens were collected from children aged 1-60 months with acute infantile gastroenteritis. Examination with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the presence of group A rotavirus antigen in 208 ...

Anti-human rotavirus (HRV) activity of hot water extracts from Stevia rebaudiana (SE) was examined. SE inhibited the replication of all four serotypes of HRV in vitro. This inhibitory effect of SE was not reduced on the prior exposure of SE to HCl for 30 min at pH 2. Binding assay with radiolabeled purified viruses indicated that the inhibitory mechanism of SE is the blockade of virus binding. ...

During primary rotavirus (RV) infection, CD8+ T cells play an important role in viral clearance as well as providing partial protection against reinfection. CD4+ T cells are essential for maximal development of RV-specific intestinal immunoglobulin A. In this study, we took advantage of the cytokine flow cytometry technique to obtain a detailed map of H-2b- and H-2d-restricted CD8+ and CD4+ T-c...

Fecal specimens from 78 calves involved in outbreaks of calf diarrhea which occurred in three farms in Victoria, Australia, in 1988 were analyzed for rotaviruses. Thirty-eight samples were positive for group A virus antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 20 of these contained viral double-stranded RNAs that could be detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two major electrophe...

Rotaviruses are the major etiological agents of diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age. The commonest G types in humans are G1-4 and G9. G12 is a rare human rotavirus (HRV) strain first reported in the Philippines. In this study, 13 G12 strains obtained from a community-based cohort and a hospital-based surveillance system in 2005 were characterized by phylogenetic analysis of partial nu...

cDNA copies of the complete porcine rotavirus CRW-8 VP7 gene were randomly digested to fragments of about 30-60 or 30-500 base pairs by DNase1 in the presence of Mn(2+). The fragments were cloned and expressed in a filamentous phage fd-tet-derived vector to create specific-gene-related peptide libraries. Polyclonal antibodies were then used to pan the SGRP libraries for antibody-binding phages....