Verb-initial ordering may be derived by fronting the VP (or a larger constituent) to a specifier position higher than the subject. For VSO languages, this analysis requires that the object raise out of the VP to a position below the subject before the (remnant) VP fronts to the higher position. This paper builds a comprehensive analysis of VSO order in the Polynesian language Samoan, employing ...

We characterized three human brain tumor cell lines (D54, HBT-20, and HBT-28) with respect to resistance to etoposide (VP-16), a topoisomerase II-reactive drug. All three cell lines were inherently resistant to VP-16 when compared to other human cell lines, with D54 showing the greatest resistance using colony formation assays. Resistance to VP-16 has been attributed to decreased drug uptake an...

The most common procedure to deal with hydrocephalus is ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The purpose of the shunt is to drain cerebrospinal fluid from cerebral ventricles to abdominal cavity. Many complications of VP shunts have been reported such as infection, obstruction, overdrainage. Abdominal complications occur in ~15-25% of VP shunts in pediatric patients, such as peritonitis, hernia, ab...

Central vasopressin (VP) release from magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) occurs from their somata and dendrites within the SON several hours after acute dehydration, and is an important autoregulatory mechanism influencing the systemic release of VP from MNC terminals in the posterior pituitary. To begin to explore the impact of polychlorinated biphenyls (...

Dipyridamole (DPM) enhanced the sensitivity of human ovarian carcinoma 2008 cells to etoposide (VP-16) producing a 5.5-fold reduction in 50% inhibitory concentration at a DPM concentration of 20 microM. This interaction was shown to be truly synergistic by isobologram and median effect analysis. DPM increased the steady-state VP-16 content of 2008 cells; a DPM concentration of 4 microM increase...

OBJECTIVE Children born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks) are at risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). ADHD in VP children have a different clinical presentation to ADHD in the general population, and therefore VP children with difficulties may not come to the teacher's attention in school. We have assessed ADHD symptoms to determine whether VP children's difficulties may go und...

OBJECTIVES To determine the ability of the ratio of peak E-wave velocity to flow propagation velocity (E/Vp) measured with color M-mode Doppler echocardiography to predict in-hospital heart failure and cardiac mortality in an unselected consecutive population with first myocardial infarction (MI). BACKGROUND Several experimental studies indicate color M-mode echocardiography to be a valuable ...

Sentences with doubly center-embedded relative clauses in which a verb phrase (VP) is missing are sometimes perceived as grammatical, thus giving rise to an illusion of grammaticality. In this paper, we provide a new account of why missing-VP sentences, which are both complex and ungrammatical, lead to an illusion of grammaticality, the so-called missing-VP effect. We propose that the missing-V...

Vasopressin (VP) transcription in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in organotypic culture was studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry using an intron-specific VP heteronuclear RNA probe. The circadian peak of VP gene transcription in the SCN in vitro is completely blocked by a 2 h exposure to tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the culture medium, and this TTX inhibition of VP gene transcription...