A simple method is proposed to calibrate the energy of an electron beam. An electrical floating metal foil irradiated by incident electrons. The deduced from magnitude surface potential developed on conductor surface. measurement made outside vacuum chamber a metallic slab connected through coaxial feedthrough sample. calibration obtained this compared conventional based measuring position back...

A broadband digital harmonic vector voltmeter proposed previously and studied theoretically by the authors was implemented using a special-purpose, random sampling strategy, to avoid the bandwidth limitations due to the finite conversion time of the sample-and-hold and analog-to-digital-conversion (S/H-ADC) devices. The experimental results have shown that the bandwidth of the instrument is not...

In this issue we offer our readers an assortment of articles on various topics. Starting with our first article, Dr. Ruyong Wang challenges the relativistic physicists to an experimental show-down. In [1] he states: “. . .please don’t try to make the light-speed constancy un-definable. If you care to define that the speed of light is the same for any moving observer, we will design a GPS experi...

Were~ontbemethodsandmsultsofmagneticmessufemats of the centers and moments of magnetic focusing elements for the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAC. The magneticcentaislocatedbyobserktganekuomotiveface (EMF) generated on a vibrating wire within the magnetic apenme.Itisfoundthatthecentercanbelocatbdwitha precision of a few microns. The multipole coefficients can alsobemeasumdbyusingagridofstretched-w...

In hydrothermal systems associated with volcanic areas, the flow of groundwater generates an electrical current electrokinetic nature, so-called streaming current. This is drag excess charge located near surface minerals, in liquid pore water, Gouy-Chapman diffuse layer. turn, field (the potential) that can be remotely recorded at ground Earth (or wells) a simple voltmeter and pairs non-polariz...

Bestrophin-1 (Best1) is a transmembrane protein, found in the basolateral plasma membrane of retinal pigmented epithelial cells. The exact structure and functions of Best1 protein are still unclear. The protein is thought to be a regulator of ion channels, or an ion channel itself: it was shown to be permeable for chloride, thiocyanate, bicarbonate, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Mut...

This paper presents the development of a capacitor ESR meter, which covers capacitance and measurements as well interrelationship constituent parts/circuits. The idea is to keep hardware design simple, transferring complexity firmware controls hardware. In particular, it uses automatic functions controlled by relays thus there no need for switches its calibration ensures menus. work voltmeter f...

Electricity causes a variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction, and electric current. The presence electricity can also generate receive radiation radio waves. Electric current flowing from the voltage source through wires to light switch. Wires that carry be made electrically conductive materials. Examples electrical wire materials include ...

C ARBON DIOXIDE can be measured by infrared absorptiometry, so carbon dioxide evolved from a sample of serum or plasma by acid can be determined by this instrumental technique. Procedures published earlier based on this approach (1, 2) were not competitive with other techniques available for analysis of blood carbonates since they required 1.0 and 0.5 ml of blood, respectively, for the sample a...