The aim of this study is to propose simple and reliable techniques to assess the condition of metal oxide arrester based on the dielectric response techniques. A number of modern electrical diagnostics for Metal Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA) are discussed in this paper. The techniques included return voltage, decay voltage and polarisation/depolarisation current measurement. The single and multip...

Alpha-scorpion toxins bind in a voltage-dependent way to site 3 of the sodium channels, which is partially formed by the loop connecting S3 and S4 segments of domain IV, slowing down fast inactivation. We have used Ts3, an alpha-scorpion toxin from the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus, to analyze the effects of this family of toxins on the muscle sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes...

By using a water transmission line, current wave shaping was demonstrated for a fast capillary Z-pinch discharge recombination soft x-ray laser study. The pulsed power system consists of a water capacitor, a gap switch, a transmission line, and a capillary plasma load. A voltage wave initiated at the water capacitor propagates toward the capillary load through the transmission line. Control of ...

Nonlinear or asymmetric charge movement was recorded from single ventricular myocytes cultured from 17-d-old embryonic chick hearts using the whole-cell patch clamp method. The myocytes were exposed to the appropriate intracellular and extracellular solutions designed to block Na+, Ca2+, and K+ ionic currents. The linear components of the capacity and leakage currents during test voltage steps ...

For medium-voltage power electronic applications, multilevel converters have become a popular option. While conventional twolevel converters utilize a direct series connection of switches to meet medium-voltage requirements, multilevel converters allow a higher voltage handling capability with reduced harmonic distortion and lower switching power losses. One of the most important requirements i...

In this study, an FeS2@carbon fiber electrode is developed with FeS2 nanoparticles either embedded in or attached to carbon fibers by using an electrospinning method. By applying this binder-free, metal-current-collector-free FeS2@carbon fiber electrode, both the redox reaction and capacity decay mechanisms for the Li-FeS2 system are revealed by changing the electrolyte (conventional carbonate ...

K+ channels shape individual action potentials and determine their pattern of firing. In auditory relays, both high- and low-voltage-activated K+ channels (HVA and LVA) are critical for preservation of auditory timing cues. We examined how these channels participate in firing in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Principal cells at physiological temperature were voltage clamped using spi...

High voltage-activated Ca 2 channels are coupled to the release of Ca 2 from intracellular stores. Here we present evidence that, in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus and other midline thalamic nuclei, activation of low voltage-activated (LVA) Ca 2 channels stimulates Ca 2 -induced Ca 2 release (CICR) from intracellular stores. Voltage-clamp activation of LVA Ca 2 channels in fluo-4 AM-loade...

Transjunctional voltage regulates cardiac gap junctional conductance, but the kinetics of inactivation were considered too slow to affect cardiac action potential propagation. Connexin43 (Cx43) is abundantly expressed in the atrial and ventricular myocardium and the rapid ventricular conduction tissues (ie, His-Purkinje system) of the mammalian heart and is important to conduction through these...

Tully, Keith and Steven N. Treistman. Distinct intracellular calcium profiles following influx through Nversus L-type calcium channels: role of Ca -induced Ca release. J Neurophysiol 92: 135–143, 2004; 10.1152/jn.01004.2003. Selective activation of neuronal functions by Ca is determined by the kinetic profile of the intracellular calcium ([Ca ]i) signal in addition to its amplitude. Concurrent ...