BACKGROUND Rates of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants are similar between Latina and white women, an epidemiologic paradox. However, few studies have analyzed the relationship between ethnicity, Latino subgroup, confounding variables, and LBW. METHODS We analyzed 395070 singleton livebirths to Latina and non-Latina white women in California during 1992. Multivariate logistic regression was used ...

To determine whether history of chronic lung disease (CLD) in children born at very low birthweight (VLBW) confers additional risk for impaired health, growth, and neurodevelopment, 17 VLBW children born in 1984 who had CLD (requiring supplemental oxygen more than 30 days after birth) in infancy and 28 VLBW children who did not have CLD were assessed at age 7 years. Assessments included a medic...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the independent contribution of birth weight to asthma prevalence among children younger than 4 years in the United States and to compare the magnitude of its effect on asthma between African American and white children. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis using the 1988 National Maternal-Infant Health Survey and 1991 Longitudinal Follow-up Survey. SETTING United States. ...

BACKGROUND The source inoculum of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbes is largely influenced by delivery mode in full-term infants, but these influences may be decoupled in very low birth weight (VLBW, <1,500 g) neonates via conventional broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. We hypothesize the built environment (BE), specifically room surfaces frequently touched by humans, is a predominant sour...

Questions: Do very low-birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants attain walking later than term infants? What factors predict delayed walking attainment in very low-birthweight preterm infants? Design: Inception cohort study with 18month follow-up. Setting: University hospital in Taiwan. Patients: Ninety-six VLBW preterm infants were recruited from the neonatal intensive care unit. Inclusion criteria ...

BACKGROUND Increased prevalence of visual impairments has been reported in preterm populations. However, it remains unclear about the long-term visual electrophysiological outcomes and their association with visual cognitive functions in premature infants. We investigated visual electrophysiological outcome of 2-year-old infants of different birth weights by flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP...

BACKGROUND Studies of very low-birth-weight (VLBW) children discharged from neonatal intensive care units have shown delays in receipt of routine childhood immunizations. However, a recent study of VLBW children in 3 health maintenance organizations found no significant delays in immunizations. OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of immunization delays for moderately low-birth-weight (MLBW; 1500 g-2...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Bayley scales of infant development (BSID) is the most widely used measure to assess neurodevelopment of very preterm (gestational age ≤32 weeks) and very low birth weight (VLBW, ≤1500 g) infants in the first three years of life. This meta-analysis determines the predictive value of the mental developmental index (MDI) and the psychomotor developmental index (PDI)/motor ...

In recent years there have been considerable advances in understanding the mechanisms ofhow the kidney grows and develops, which have shed light on the aetiology of some renal malformations and physiology.' During fetal life the excretory role of the kidney is minimal and even the anephric fetus enjoys biochemical homoeostasis. Fetal urine production begins at about 10 weeks of gestation increa...

VE R Y L O W-B I R T H-W E I G H T (VLBW; ,1500 g) birth has become an increasingly common occurrence because of medical advances in neonatal intensive care and management of high-risk pregnancy. Approximately 50 000 VLBW births occur annually in the United States. Significant improvements have occurred in survival rates of small preterm infants, especially those of extremely low birth weight (...