When Americans think of literacy, they generally think of children’s ability to read and write words. This kind of literacy is indeed an important way to become a well-versed citizen in the information age (Neuman, Copple, & Bredekamp, 2000). However, often neglected and even diminished in importance are visual/ iconic and musical/echoic modes of thinking, which tend to be prominent in the info...

The article is devoted to the problem of historical symbolism in visual language Ukrainian cinema. focus on foreign historiography problem, which today one most relevant areas general scientific discourse problem. author notes that at present, understanding national imagery and cinematography continues within framework two parallel strategies: 1) as still active deconstruction existing images n...

The present study investigated whether expertise with letter string processing influences visual short-term memory capacity. Specifically, we examined whether performance in a change-detection task would vary as a function of stimulus type (letters vs. symbols) and type of display (horizontal, vertical, and circular). Participants were asked to detect a one-character change in a briefly present...

We tested the hypothesis that the neural code of retinal ganglion cells is optimized to transmit visual information at minimal metabolic cost. Under a broad ensemble of light patterns, ganglion cell spike trains consisted of sparse, precise bursts of spikes. These bursts were viewed as independent neural symbols. The noise in each burst was measured via repeated presentation of the visual stimu...

The specialization of visual brain areas for fast processing of printed words plays an important role in the acquisition of reading skills. Dysregulation of these areas may be among the deficits underlying developmental dyslexia. The present study examines the specificity of word activation in dyslexic children in 3rd grade by comparing early components of brain potentials elicited by visually ...

The utilization of symbols such as words and numbers as mental tools endows humans with unrivalled cognitive flexibility. In the number domain, a fundamental first step for the acquisition of numerical symbols is the semantic association of signs with cardinalities. We explored the primitives of such a semantic mapping process by recording single-cell activity in the monkey prefrontal and parie...

The paper is a preliminary overview to a virtual tree computing logic with applications to Virtual Reality. Meta-contextual logic is combined with Morph Gentzen, a new computing logic the author presented in 1997. It has applications towards Virtual RealityVR computing since the trees on the languages can carry visual structures via functions. Designated functions define agents, as specific fun...