ü his study investigated the state anxiety level of the parent whose child had been admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with restricted visiting hours and the state anxiety level of the parent whose child had been admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care unit with unrestricted visiting hours. The 15 parents in each of the two visitation groups were very similar in terms of age,...

The authors assessed the effectiveness of a home visitation program in enhancing the early parenting history of infants born at medical risk—a population that is at risk for mistreatment. A randomized clinical trial design was used to compare the effects of a cognitively based extension of the Healthy Start home visitation program (HV ) with a visitation condition that did not include this comp...

Plant responses induced by herbivore damage can provide fitness benefits, but can also have important costs due to altered interactions with mutualist pollinators. We examined the effects of plant responses to herbivory in a hummingbird-pollinated distylous shrub, Palicourea angustifolia. Through a series of field experiments we investigated whether damage from foliar herbivores leads to a redu...

Mate selection influences individual fitness, is often based on complex cues and behaviours, and can be difficult to study in solitary species including carnivores. We used motion-triggered cameras at 29 community scrapes (i.e. scent marking locations used by multiple individuals) and home range data from 39 GPS-collared pumas (Puma concolor) to assess the relevance of communication behaviours ...

1. Pollinator declines caused by forage habitat loss threaten insect pollination services. Pollinating insects depend on adequate floral resources, and their ability to track these resources. Variability of these resources and the effect on insect foraging choice is poorly understood. 2. We record patterns of visitation to six wildflower species and test the hypotheses that: pollinators prefere...

1. Long-term monitoring requires repeated visits to a study site, greatly increasing the potential for cumulative visitation effects. For ecological studies in general, and for monitoring in particular, data must be evaluated for confounding artefacts from researcher presence. We compared aquatic communities at long-term sampling plots (nine sites, each with three plots, studied continuously fr...

Most rewardless orchids engage in generalized food-deception, exhibiting floral traits typical of rewarding species and exploiting the instinctive foraging of pollinators. Generalized food-deceptive (GFD) orchids compete poorly with rewarding species for pollinator services, which may be overcome by flowering early in the growing season when relatively more pollinators are naive and fewer compe...

al. 2001, Loomis et al. 2001, Hesseln et al. 2003). Postfire recreation use can differ by activity and location and depends on initial forest conditions, fire characteristics, and timing of fires (e.g., Kline 2004). In wilderness areas postfire recreation likely fluctuates over time in response to changing forest conditions. Immediately after fire, recreation use may decline substantially in re...