The surface composition and surface tension of aqueous droplets can influence key aerosol characteristics and processes including the critical supersaturation required for activation to form cloud droplets in the atmosphere. Despite its fundamental importance, surface tension measurements on droplets represent a considerable challenge owing to their small volumes. In this work, we utilize holog...

Chemical agglomeration can reduce the particulates (including PM2.5) concentration emitted from fly ash particulates and the wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system. However, the calcium-based slurries affect the regulation of agglomeration compared to water, in particular, the wettability of the particulates and the viscosity of the calciumbased slurry. The wettability and the viscosity are...

Recently Brown eta/. (Science 250, 1991) showed that Triton's internal heat source could amount to 5-20% of the absorbed insolation on Triton, thus significantly affecting volatile transport and atmospheric pressure. Subsequently, Kirk and Brown (Proc. 22cd LPSC, 1991) used simple analytical models of the effect of internal heat on the distribution of volatiles on Triton's surface, confirming t...

Due to lack of comprehensive experimental studies on welding processes, and to better understand the mechanisms behind these processes, especially the weld pool shape variations suspected due to Marangoni Effect or surface tension shear stress, a two-dimensional simulation model was developed to study the physics of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Experimental spot-welds on Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr w...

In the core-accretion model, gas-giant planets form solid cores which then accrete gaseous envelopes. Tidal interactions with disk gas cause a core to undergo inward type-I migration in 10 to 10 years. Cores must form faster than this to survive. Giant planets clear a gap in the disk and undergo inward type-II migration in < 10 years if observed disk accretion rates apply to the disk as a whole...

The purpose of this work is to analyze the mathematical model governing motion of n-component, heat conducting reactive mixture of compressible gases. We prove sequential stability of weak variational entropy solutions when the state equation essentially depends on the species concentration and the species diffusion fluxes depend on gradients of partial pressures. Of crucial importance for our ...

High-temperature transport properties (viscosity, thermal conductivity, binary and multicomponent mass diffusion, and thermal diffusion) of dissociating gases of the Earth and Martian atmospheres have been calculated within the framework of the Chapman-Enskog method. The exponential repulsion potentials of interactions between atoms (N, 0 , and C) and molecules (N,, 0,, NO, C,, CN, CO, and CO,)...

Perfect fluids are characterized as having the smallest ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, η/s, consistent with quantum uncertainty and causality. So far, nearly perfect fluids have only been observed in the quark-gluon plasma and in unitary atomic Fermi gases, exotic systems that are amongst the hottest and coldest objects in the known universe, respectively. We use angle resolved ph...

Because of their outstanding versatility, room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are utilized in an ever increasing number of novel and fascinating applications, making them the Holy Grail of modern materials science. In this Perspective, we address the fundamental research and prospective applications of RTILs in combination with molecular liquids, concentrating on three significant areas: (1)...