High morbidity and mortality of influenza virus infection makes it an important disease world-wide. Mouse is a very well-studied animal model for this disease with similar manifestation to human disease. It would be desirable to induce mucosal as well as circulating immune responses to obtain protection from infection and to decrease the spread of the virus. Cell mediated immunity (proliferativ...

Insertion of reporter genes into plant virus genomes is a common experimental strategy to research many aspects of the viral infection dynamics. Their numerous advantages make fluorescent proteins the markers of choice in most studies. However, the use of fluorescent proteins still has some limitations, such as the need of specialized material and facilities to detect the fluorescence. Here, we...

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of a humic-fulvic acid substance on quantitative yield residual foci DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair protein-marker - phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) and proliferation activity in culture human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) 24, 48, 72 h after exposure to X-ray radiation at doses 2, 4 10 Gy. Material methods: Through 24 hours incubation MSCs with ac...

Background/Aim: M1 macrophages have antitumour effects, while M2 promote tumour proliferation and invasion. The clinical significance of the M2-specific marker CD204 has not been elucidated in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated prognostic CD204- CD68-positivity specimens from patients with CRC examined effects polarized-macrophages on proliferative invasive potentials cell lines vitro. Ma...

We aimed to investigate the expression and significance of Epstein-Barr virus-latent membrane protein 1 in human immunodeficiency virus-related diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. 22 cases lymphomas samples were collected. The control group consisted 7 non-human lymphomas, 6 virus-reactive hyperplasia virus. was detected by immunohistochemistry analyzed combination with clinicopathology characteris...

Rubella virus (RUBV) is a significant human pathogen. RUBV infection takes an enormous toll due to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), a constellation of birth defects including blindness, hearing defects and mental retardation. Little is known about RUBV-induced teratogenesis due to the absence of useful models. This research is now enabled by the availability of human embryonic stem cells (hES...