Since at least the mid-2000s, political commentators, environmental advocates, and scientists have raised concerns about an “anti-science” approach to policymaking in conservative governments US Canada. This paper explores resolves a paradox surrounding some uses of epithet. I examine two cases such policy, both which involve appeals epistemic values that are widely endorsed by philosophers sci...

We can distinguish the evil person in two ways. One is to pick out some trait, or narrow cluster of traits, and argue that individuals are evil if they possess those traits to a sufficiently extreme degree. Call theories that characterize evil in this manner extremity views. The second method takes evil to consist in being vicious, not just in one respect, but thoroughly or consistently. Call t...

al-ghazali was one of the islamic scholars who was concerned to revival of religious teachings. in ihya’ ‘ulum al-din, he tried to provide a pattern in this regard for the believers of his time. in this article, authors attempt to discuss effects of religiosity with emphasis on psychological views of al-ghazali. for this purpose, al-ghazali’s ideas which has been expressed in four parts of ihya...

This paper aims at illustrating the virtues and vices of biased rationality. Starting with the virtues of biased rationality, we will illustrate the idea of Homo Heuristicus along with its fallacious dimension. We will claim that the rationale of biased rationality consists in turning ignorance into a cognitive virtue. More precisely, we will argue that biases provide us with premissory startin...

Over the last 30 years, Silvana Patriarca, a professor of Contemporary History at Fordham University, New York, has deeply and consistently investigated construction Italian national narrative: its ‘long term’ genealogy, characteristics, tensions. Her first book, Numbers Nationhood (Patriarca 1996), focused on co-production statistical knowledge image Italy during Restoration Risorgimento, rere...