Abstract Some philosophers working on the epistemology of disagreement claim that conciliationist responses to peer embody a kind intellectual humility. Others contend standing firm or ‘sticking one's guns’ in face may stem from an admirable courage internal fortitude. In this paper, we report results two empirical studies examine relationship between and steadfast disagreement, one hand, virtu...

Abstract Studies in collective intelligence have shown that suboptimal cognitive traits of individuals can lead a group to succeed task, recent literature this is called mandevillian . Analogically, as Mandeville has suggested, the moral vices sometimes also good. I suggest morality happen many ways collaborative activities. Mandevillian presents challenge for normative virtue theories ethics. ...

terence irwin argues that aquinas answered a question that aristotle had raised but had not answered. the question is if there is any relation between intellectual virtues and moral virtues. the answer is yes, moral virtues direct intellectual virtues to attain the final end. moral virtues show in what areas one should think, how much other things should be attended to, and how much one should ...

Abstract The indoctrination debates have been a key feature of the philosophy education over past 50 years. While it is generally acknowledged that pejorative associations only emerged last 100 years, those normative are widely taken to be an essential part concept itself as positive connotations education. I explore some problems assuming term must refer something negative and essentialism thi...

Why did nineteenth-century German historians and physicists habitually warn against vices that they believed philosophers in particular embodied: speculation, absence of common sense, excessive systematizing? Drawing on a rich array sources, this article interprets vice-charging as rhetorical practice aimed at delineating empirical research from Naturphilosophie Geschichtsphilosophie practiced ...

Abstract One of the critical issues in philosophy science is to understand scientific knowledge. This paper proposes a novel approach study reflection on science, called “cognitive metascience”. In particular, it offers new understanding knowledge as constituted by various kinds representations, framed cognitive artifacts. It introduces functional taxonomy artifacts prevalent practice, covering...