Studies were conducted to examine the biodegradation of 14C-labeled vinyl chloride in samples taken from a shallow aquifer. Under aerobic conditions, vinyl chloride was readily degraded, with greater than 99% of the labeled material being degraded after 108 days and approximately 65% being mineralized to 14CO2.

A gram-positive branched bacterium isolated from a trichloroethylene-degrading consortium mineralized vinyl chloride in growing cultures and cell suspensions. Greater than 67% of the [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride was mineralized to carbon dioxide, with approximately 10% of the radioactivity appearing in cell biomass and another 10% appearing in 14C-aqueous-phase products.

Aryl bromides and iodides in the presence of catalytic amounts of a palladacycle derived from acetophenone oxime and 2 equivalents of potassium acetate react with ethylene under ambient pressure (15-30 psi) to give the corresponding vinylarenes. The reactions work with both electron-deficient and electron-rich aryl compounds and tolerate wide variety of common functional groups. Vinyl bromides ...

Infrared-visible sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) has been used to study the interface between poly(vinyl-N-octadecylcarbamate-co-vinyl acetate) (Comb) and deuterated or hydrogenated polystyrene (dPS or hPS) films. Strong methyl symmetric and Fermi resonance bands associated with the alkyl side chains of the Comb polymer are observed in the SFG spectra. In addition, for Comb/hPS spec...

This article is the first comprehensive review on the study and use of vinyl ester monomers in reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. It covers all the synthetic aspects associated with the definition of precision polymers comprising poly(vinyl ester) building blocks, such as the choice of RAFT agent and reaction conditions in order to progress from simple to co...

The possibility of using disposable plastic-carbon potentiometric sensors as enzyme biosensors was examined. Urease enzyme was immobilized on poly(vinyl chloride) based Hor NH4-selective membranes using cellulose acetate. This approach has resulted in a potentiometric response on changing the pH of the solution or NH4 ion content due to an enzymatic reaction that occurs between urease and urea....