Recent modifications to the transport scheme within the two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model CEQUAL-W2 have resulted in a significant improvement in the prediction of temperature distributions by reducing numerical diffusion. These changes allow for a more accurate description of wind effects in the model. This paper briefly describes the modifications to CE-QUAL-W2 and presents...

The first theory of wind-driven flow is that of Ekman, who assumed a uniform eddy viscosity and derived the velocity spiral that bears his name. Over the years, observations of wind stress and current have improved to the point that frictional momentum transfer in the upper ocean can be quantified. Observations of velocity spirals are reviewed to address such issues as the vertical structure an...

The hazards induced by tropical cyclones (TCs), for example, high winds, extreme precipitation, and storm tides, are closely related to the TC surface wind field. Parametric models distribution have been widely used risk analysis due their simplicity efficiency in application. Here we revisit parametric modeling of fields, including symmetrical asymmetrical components, its applications tide Nor...

Satellite microwave measurements are analyzed, revealing robust covariability in sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed over the Kuroshio Extension (KE) east of Japan. Ocean hydrodynamic instabilities cause the KE to meander and result in large SST variations. Increased (reduced) wind speeds are found to be associated with warm (cold) SST anomalies. This positive SST–wind correlation in K...

A series of fatal commercial aviation accidents starting in the 1970s led to the identification of thunderstorm-related wind shear as a critical hazard to aircraft takeoffs and landings. In aggregate, these accidents resulted in over 400 fatalities and pressured the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to develop effective warning technologies. In response, the aviation community invested in a...

Authors’ address: Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540. An aircraft can deviate disastrously from its intended flight path if strong, varying wind (wind shear) is encountered near the ground. Severe low-altitude wind shear, such as produced by the microburst, has caused at least 24 aviation accidents in the last 25 years [l]. Efforts are under...

Building upon the authors’ previous work that examined the dynamics of numerically simulated cyclic mesocyclogenesis and its dependence upon model physical and computational parameters, this study likewise uses idealized numerical simulations to investigate associated dependencies upon ambient vertical wind shear. Specifically, the authors examine variations in hodograph shape, shear magnitude,...

The VHF radar system at Aberystwyth (52:4 N, 4:1 E) has been used to make high-timeresolution, multi-beam observations of mesospheric summer echo layers. These show that the altitude and the sense of vertical movement of the layers can vary over time-scales of minutes and horizontal scales of kilometres. In general, the altitude pro®les of signal-tonoise ratio provide evidence of a bifurcated s...

Abstract. This study analyses and quantifies the effects of vertical wind shear (VWS) on properties shallow cumulus cloud fields over Central Amazonia. We perform idealised simulations with high resolution (50 m horizontally 20 vertically) using Dutch Atmospheric Large-Eddy Simulation (DALES) model, changing initial conditions large-scale forcing VWS. The resulting field is analysed by applying...