Data from three continuously operating GPS sites located in the interior of the Greenland ice sheet are analyzed. Traditionally these kinds of GPS installations (where the GPS antenna is placed on a pole deployed into the firn) are used to estimate the local horizontal speed and direction of the ice sheet. However, these data are also sensitive to the vertical displacement of the pole as it mov...

we have studied the adsorption processes of h2 on the v (100) surface of vanadium using self consistent field theory.dissociative adsorptions of h2 are significantly favored compared to molecular adsorptions. there is a significant charge transfer from the first layer of the vanadium surface to the hydrogen atoms. three possible adsorption sites, top, bridge and center site, were considered in ...

The world is three-dimensional; hence, even surface-bound animals need to learn vertical spatial information. Separate encoding of vertical and horizontal spatial information seems to be the common strategy regardless of the locomotory style of animals. However, a difference seems to exist in the way freely moving species, such as fish, learn and integrate spatial information as opposed to surf...

Some motile phytoplankton have the capability to exploit deep sources of nutrients in a vertical migration cycle: photosynthesis in the near-surface layer, transit to depth, uptake of the limiting nutrient and transit back to the surface layer. If all four steps can be completed within 24 h, then migrations can be synchronized to the day/night cycle to maximize photosynthetic efficiency. Altern...

We have studied the adsorption processes of H2 on the V (100) surface of Vanadium using self consistent field theory.Dissociative adsorptions of H2 are significantly favored compared to molecular adsorptions. There is a significant charge transfer from the first layer of the vanadium surface to the Hydrogen atoms. Three possible adsorption sites, top, bridge and center site, were considered in ...

Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was monitored at the Niwot Ridge (NWT) Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site (Colorado, USA, 40° N) from interstitial air extracted from the snowpack at depths ranging from the snow surface to 10 cm above the soil. A highly dynamic cycling of mercury (Hg) in this mid-latitude snowpack was observed. Patterns were driven by both GEM production in surface snow a...

We demonstrate chaotic mode lasing in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers at room temperature, with an open cavity confined laterally by the native oxide layer. Instead of introducing any defect mode, we show that suppression of lower-order cavity modes can be achieved by destroying vertical reflectors with a surface microstructure. Lasing on chaotic modes is observed directly through colle...

In this study tubular structures are represented by stem villous arteries of the human placenta. The architecture of the vascular tree in the human placenta makes it appropriate to use vertical histological sections. Describing tubules, estimates of total length and diameter are informative. The aim of the study was to derive a new stereological estimator of the total length of circular tubules...

[1] Variations in deep convective activity during the 4month Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere-Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE) field campaign are simulated using a cloud-resolving model (CRM). Convection in the model is coupled to large-scale vertical velocities that are parameterized using one of two different methods: the damped gravity wave (Damped-wave) method and t...

The water percolation loss beyond root zone in the soil is one of the important parameters to determine water requirement of rice plant. If the amount of water percolation rate into the soil is estimated more carefully, determination of water requirement will be evaluated better and designing for system of irrigation, drainage and related establishments will be more easily done. The purpose of ...