PURPOSE We evaluated the roles of luminance and fixation in the pathophysiology of dissociated vertical divergence (DVD). METHODS Vertical eye position was measured in 6 subjects with DVD (ages 11-47 years, 5 females) and 6 controls (ages 16-40 years, 5 females) using video-oculography (VOG) under conditions of change in fixation and luminance. RESULTS Subjects with DVD showed the following...

Reaching movements are subject to noise in both the planning and execution phases of movement production. The interaction of these noise sources during natural movements is not well understood, despite its importance for understanding movement variability in neurologically intact and impaired individuals. Here we examined the interaction of planning and execution related noise during the produc...

We measured the eye movements of three sisters with Niemann-Pick type C disease who had a selective defect of vertical saccades, which were slow and hypometric. Horizontal saccades, and horizontal and vertical pursuit and vestibular eye movements were similar to control subjects. The initial movement of oblique saccades was mainly horizontal and most of the vertical component occurred after the...

Escape behaviors have been studied in zebrafish by neuroscientists seeking cellular-level descriptions of neural circuits but few studies have examined vertical swimming during escapes. We analyzed three-dimensional swimming paths of zebrafish larvae during visually-evoked and auditory-evoked escapes while the fish were in a cubical tank with equal vertical and lateral range. Visually evoked es...

The movement of the center of mass (COM) during human walking has been hypothesized to follow a sinusoidal pattern in the vertical and mediolateral directions. The vertical COM displacement has been shown to increase with velocity, but little is known about the mediolateral movement of the COM. In our evaluation of the mediolateral COM displacement at several walking speeds, 10 normal subjects ...

The present study investigated how direction of hand movement, which is a well-described parameter in cerebral organization of motor control, is incorporated in the somatotopic representation of the manual effector system in the human primary motor cortex (M1). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a manual step-tracking task we found that activation patterns related to movemen...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the amount of preoperatively planned surgical movement of the maxilla and postoperatively obtained maxillary repositioning. Materials and Method: Thirty-one patients (16 female and 15 male) were included in this study. Fifteen combined maxillary advancement and impaction, 5 isolated maxillary impaction, and 11 isolated maxillary advan...

This corpus-based study analyzes meanings of khɨn3 ‘ascend’ and loŋ1 ‘descend’ in Thai in comparison with up and down in English. Data came from three corpora: the Thai National Corpus (TNC) (Aroonmanakun et al., 2009), the British National Corpus (BNC), and the English-Thai Parallel Concordance (Aroonmanakun, 2009). Results of the analyses show that there are senses of the vertical spatial ter...