The vertebral column of the Florida manatee presents an unusual suite of morphological traits. Key among these are a small precaudal count, elongate thoracic vertebrae, extremely short neural spines, lack of a sacral series, high lumbar variability, and the presence of six instead of seven cervical vertebrae. This study documents vertebral morphology, size, and lumbar variation in 71 skeletons ...

The segmented vertebral column comprises a repeat series of vertebrae, each consisting of two key components: the vertebral body (or centrum) and the vertebral arches. Despite being a defining feature of the vertebrates, much remains to be understood about vertebral development and evolution. Particular controversy surrounds whether vertebral component structures are homologous across vertebrat...

The vertebral column is situated in the median line, as the posterior part of the trunk. It (backbone) consists of a series of 26 individual irregular bones called vertebrae, separated by fibrocartilaginous intervertebral discs and are secured to each other by interlocking processes and binding ligaments. There are 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4-5 fused coccygeal verte...

background : on december 26, 2003 an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the richter scale, shook the city of bam in the south east of iran and killed more than 40000 people and nearly 30000 were injured. this is an epidemiological study performed on the victims of bam earthquake to analyze different types of injuries of patients admitted in kerman hospitals. methods:  in a retrospective cross-sectiona...

Complete duplication of genitourinary system, colon and vertebral column is a very rare and complex congenital condition termed as "caudal duplication syndrome" with variable presentations. This term is often quoted as a type of incomplete separation of mono-ovular twins or conjoined twinning. It is associated with other congenital malformations of the genitourinary, gastrointestinal and other ...

A modified transthoracic approach to the thoracic vertebral column is described. In this method, the parietal pleura is detached from the chest wall and retracted with the visceral pleura and its contents. A direct approach to the vertebral bodies is thus achieved without transgression of the intrapleural space. The technique can be extended to include exposure of the thoracolumbar spinal colum...

The low-back pain has demonstrated to be a common finding among athletes and particularly the overload in the lumbar column resulting from a strength or isometric resistance involvement of muscles of this segment as result of the muscular fatigue has been considered as important etiological factor for its development. In this context, tests used for the training evaluation of the lumbar spinae ...

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is inflammation of the sacroiliac joints and spine, associated with clinical symptoms such as pain stiffness in vertebral column, after which, a considerable number individuals, new bone growth occurs.

Some studies emphasized that anatomic mechanisms of vertebral aberrations could be associated with large breasts. The effect of mammaplasty operation on the vertebral column and body posture seems to be beneficial; in this trial, it was planned to investigate the objective radiologic effect of reduction mammaplasty on the posture of the vertebral column in a group of patients operated due to th...

Charcot spinal arthropathy is a rare, progressive type of vertebral joint degeneration that occurs in the setting of any preexisting condition characterized by decreased afferent innervation to the extent that normal protective joint sensation in the vertebral column is impaired. The authors report on a case of Charcot arthropathy of the lower lumbar spine mimicking a spinal tumor following cer...