in this article which deals with the survey and analytic concept of space in vernacular and modern architecture, first the concept of space is explicated generally while it is briefly free of style and orientation. then, it offers explanations of each kind of above mentioned architectures that has been invoked by researchers and intellectuals about art and architecture. then differences of the ...

This paper presents a comprehensive review of low-carbon materials and construction techniques commonly used in vernacular buildings. The study highlights the relevance architecture context shift towards sustainable practices. A combination climatic zone map, language type continent map is to identify regions. Eight bio-based materials, including wood, adobe, rammed earth, cob, sod, thatch, bam...

The energy consumption in the building sector is very high and expected to increase continuously with world's population growth. It believed that vernacular architecture has essential knowledge be learned adopted as sustainable development strategies according context region. Therefore, this study aims explore of archipelago region Tidore Indonesia through literature studies field observations ...

This paper describes a novel archaeological resource--preserved epiphytes on the timber structure of vernacular buildings--used, to our knowledge, for the first time to quantify a loss of biodiversity between pre-industrial and post-industrial landscapes. By matching the confirmed occurrence of epiphyte species for the pre-industrial period, with a statistical likelihood for their absence in th...

Two experiments examined the commonly held belief that regional varieties of German can be identified by intonational features alone. In both experiments, listeners were presented with regional intonational contours of German. In the first experiment, listeners judged contours of Hamburg urban vernacular compared with contours of Northern Standard German. In the second experiment, listeners jud...

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In its most basic form, latent growth modeling (latent curve analysis) allows an assessment of individuals’change in a measured variable X over time. For simple linear models, as with other growth models, parameter estimates associated with the α construct (amount of X at a chosen temporal reference point) and β construct (growth in X per unit time) are not invariant with respect to choice of r...

Vernacular houses treasure the knowledge and traditions of nations. They express cultural heritage different generations, including local materials non-professional designs evolved by resident communities. In South America, vernacular often are designed in rural areas. These influenced customs indigenous people who inhabited this region for centuries before colonization. coastal area Ecuador, p...