Spontaneous intracranial hypotension, of which brain slump is an extreme expression, is caused by a cerebrospinal fluid leak. The reason the leak develops in the first place, however, is unknown, and some cases can be very difficult to manage. We describe a patient with severe symptoms of spontaneous intracranial hypotension and brain slump documented by magnetic resonance imaging whose clinica...

Venography is the current standard for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Noninvasive tests have differing sensitivity and specificity, are technically demanding, and may be subject to variability in interpretation. Light reflection rheography (LRR) is a noninvasive method utilizing light-emitting diodes and a sensor to measure light reflected from the skin surface. The intensity of r...

Catheter venography has been considered to be the “gold standard” in the evaluation of venous pathology. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been described as a condition characterised by the presence of multiple stenotic lesions of the main pathways of extracranial venous drainage, especially the internal jugular veins and the azygos vein. The primary screening diag...

Effort thrombosis, or Paget-Schroetter Syndrome, refers to axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis associated with strenuous and repetitive activity of the upper extremities. Anatomical abnormalities at the thoracic outlet and repetitive trauma to the endothelium of the subclavian vein are key factors in its initiation and progression. The role of hereditary and acquired thrombophilias is unclear. ...

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is supposed to have a venous drainage system to a portal vein, which makes intrahepatic metastasis possible. However, the mechanism of extrahepatic recurrence, including the possibility of a direct route to the systemic circulation from the HCC nodules, remains unclear. Therefore, we performed retrograde hepatic venography for HCC in livers that had bee...

dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR venography technique for imaging central veins. Am J Roetgenol 1999;173:999–1003. 28. Lebowitz JA, Rofsky NM, Krinsky GA, Weinreb JC. Gadolinium-enhanced body MR venography with subtraction technique Am J Roentgenol 1997;169:755–8. 29. Greil GF, Powell AJ, Gildein HP, Geva T. Gadolinium-enhances three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography of pulmonary and...

We prospectively assessed the diagnostic accuracy of non-contrast-enhanced MR venography using both the flow-refocused fresh-blood imaging (FR-FBI) and the swap phase-encode arterial double-subtraction elimination (SPADE) techniques for detecting deep vein thrombosis (DVT), as compared using conventional X-ray venography as the reference standard. Forty-one legs of 32 consecutive patients (eigh...

INTRODUCTION One of the challenges of varicocele surgery is to prevent hydrocele formation while still ensuring success. Methylene blue has been used to identify and preserve lymphatic vessels, and venography has been a standard component of sclerotherapy and percutaneous retrograde techniques. The authors have combined both approaches during laparoscopic varicocelectomy and report their experi...