OBJECTIVE Surgical treatment of anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava, associated with sinus venous atrial septal defect, is well established and correlates with low mortality and morbidity. In order to reduce the incidence of stenosis or occlusion of the right superior vena cava, especially when associated with the presence of left superior vena cava, the right atrial...

The superior vena cava is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins. It is located in the middle mediastinum, to the right of the aorta and anterior to the trachea. Superior vena cava syndrome consists of a group of signs (dilation of the veins in the neck, facial swelling, edema of the upper limbs, and cyanosis) and symptoms (headache, dyspnea, cough, orthopnea and dyspha...

During the routine dissection of a cadaver a left superior vena cava was noticed passing into the coronary sinus. This condition is not uncommon, but further dissection showed that the coronary sinus ended 1 cm. from the wall of the right atrium. Inspection of the right atrium showed no opening for the coronary sinus and the wall between the opening for the inferior vena cava and the tricuspid ...

A patient with sinus node dysfunction and absent right superior vena cava underwent stable temporary and permanent endocardial pacing via a left sided superior vena cava. Active fixation of the electrode and epicardial pacing were not necessary.

Abnormalities of the vascular system are always of extreme interest due to its importance in circulation. Normally the superior vena cava is a single vascular structure formed by the union of right and left brachiocephalic veins which are in turn formed by the union of corresponding internal jugular and subclavian veins, draining the head and neck as well as the superior extremity. However duri...

in this investigation, 25 adult new zealand white rabbits randomly selected from both sexes and studied.coloured latex injection and corrosion cast methods were applied on the materials. this study was carried out to disclose the distribution of the cardiac veins of the new zealand white rabbits. the veins that drain the heart were found to be the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, th...

superior vena cava (svc) syndrome is not an uncommon occurrence in patients with malignancy and it is often described as a medical emergency. in majority of the cases, svc syndrome occurs due to mechanical obstruction of the svc by extraluminal compression with primary intrathoracic malignancies. however, intraluminal obstruction due to thrombosis can also produce symptoms and signs of svc synd...

primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (nec) of the mediastinum is a rare type of carcinoma. according to the literature, only five cases of this condition have been reported so far. in this paper, we present a rare case of mediastinal nec of unknown primary site. the patient was a 34-year-old man with mediastinal nec, who presented with chronic dry cough and a right-sided mediastinal mass one year p...

introduction: the correlation of central venous pressure (cvp) with inferior vena cava (ivc) sonographic diameter has been reported in several studies. however, few studies have attempted to find the best anatomic location of measurement. therefore, the purpose of this study was determining the best anatomic location to find precise correlation between cvp and ivc diameter using transesophageal...

reports which describe sick sinus syndrome due to malignant lymphoma have been rare and only eight cases have been reported until now. this is a case of sick sinus syndrome and superior vena cava syndrome secondary to invasion of occult malignant lymphoma of the lung in a 60 years old male. there were no symptoms or signs of malignancy before the first presentation with sick sinus syndrome. pat...