Many police agencies have enacted measures designed to reduce racial profiling, yet little empirical evidence exists regarding the effects of such programs. In this paper I use the occurrence of a racial profiling scandal in New Jersey to quantify the effect of a move towards more race-neutral policing. Using a quadrupledifferences approach, I estimate that the scandal and subsequent reforms le...

Individual differences in temperament and personality are closely linked to motor vehicle safety. However, 13% of Americans who die in transportation-related injuries are not killed in motor vehicle crashes, but rather in pedestrian injuries. This study was designed to study links between two individual difference measures, attentional control and high intensity pleasure, and pedestrian injury ...

BACKGROUND Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. METHODS Daily personal and ambient PM2.5, and when available sulfate, measureme...

One Woman's journey through the Trials and Triumphs of Disability , Disabled Peoples International 8th World Assembly 2011 Durban, South Africa, October 10-13, 2011. When embarking on my career as a teacher at a special school in South Africa, I never thought that a motor vehicle accident would place me in the position where my learners with disabilities suddenly saw me as an ally. Little did I...

Whether the safest roundabout design for cyclists is to separate cycle crossings or integrate cyclists with motorists is an extensively discussed issue. Studies using accident statistics indicate that a separated cycle crossing is the safest for high motor vehicle volumes. However, the results have not been satisfyingly explained. This article combines quantitative and qualitative methods in tr...

The topic of motor vehicle crashes among the elderly is dynamic and multi-faceted requiring a comprehensive and synergistic approach to intervention planning. This approach must be based on the values of a given population as well as health statistics and asserted through community, organizational and policy strategies. An integrated summary of the predictors (quantitative research), and views ...

The modeling of relationships between motor vehicle crashes and underlying factors has been investigated for more than three decades. Recently, many highway safety studies have documented the use of negative binomial (NB) regression models. On rare occasions, the Poisson model may be the only alternative especially when crash sample mean is low. Pearson's X(2) and the scaled deviance (G(2)) are...

BACKGROUND Evidence related to the effectiveness of speed humps on reducing pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions (PMVC) has been conflicting. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between speed hump installation and changes in PMVC rates in Toronto, Canada. METHODS Speed humps were mapped along with police-reported pedestrian collisions from 2000-2011 and built environment...

PURPOSE This study evaluated the cross-border safety impact of extended drinking hours from 1:00 to 2:00 a.m., in licensed establishments in Ontario, Canada. METHODS This study examined patterns in total and alcohol-related casualties in: (1) Windsor, Ontario, Canada compared to Detroit, Michigan, US with a 2:00 a.m. closing time, and (2) Ontario compared to Michigan for overall trends. The c...