isovist and visibility graph analysis tools are used to quantify and measure the quality of space, and despite their lack of maturity and evolution, they are considered to be the future of space analysis tools by researchers. this study was undertaken with the purpose of introducing the aforementioned tools for analyzing sanandaj’s urban areas. in this study, four different urban areas in sanan...

this article has tried to achieve a full understanding of regional goals of creating new towns and expand the concept of regional balance , survey these towns especially andishe new town to balance the regional employment and residence space. datas have been gathered from library research methods, in-depth interviews and match data with satellite images,after that these datas analysised with cr...

In contrast to conventional airborne multi-echo laser scanner systems, full-waveform (FW) lidar systems are able to record the entire emitted and backscattered signal of each laser pulse. Instead of clouds of individual 3D points, FW devices provide connected 1D profiles of the 3D scene, which contain more detailed and additional information about the structure of the illuminated surfaces. This...

Managing excess nutrients remains a major obstacle to improving ecosystem service benefits of urban waters. To inform more ecologically based landscape nutrient management, we compared watershed inputs, outputs, and retention for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in seven subwatersheds of the Mississippi River in St. Paul, Minnesota. Lawn fertilizer and pet waste dominated N and P inputs, respect...

the method of sampling unit was applied according to the importance of the park in urban landscape structure with the initial purpose of planning method to maximize environmental sustainability and recognizing the structural elements within the park. swot technique has been applied to analyze collected data and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of affected areas. ...

A new method for grassland vegetation dynamics monitoring was developed based on the linear time trends (LTT) estimation and change vector analysis (CVA) using SPOT-VGT imagery. Firstly, seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index (SINDVI) was calculated by using 10-day NDVI. Then by evaluating spatially averaged SINDVI of vegetated areas, the apparent change periods were ident...