New insights to explain the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis have resulted in a paradigm in which thrombosis is the major cause of acute coronary syndromes, peripheral arterio-vascular disease and stroke. Major efforts have been directed toward developing drugs to reduce thrombin and fibrin formation. Recent studies support a central role for angiogenesis of the atherosclerotic plaque...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To describe the introduction and use of intense pulsed light (IPL) to treat vascular and pigmented lesions comprising photorejuvenation and its use in photodynamic therapy. METHODS Review of the medical literature and the authors' experience with IPL. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS IPL is an excellent treatment modality for vascular and pigmented manifestations of photoagi...

Structure of the Skin Layers of the Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Tissue Innervation and Blood Supply Manifestations of Skin Disorders Lesions, Rashes, and Vascular Disorders Pruritus Variations in Black Skin Skin Damage Caused by Ultraviolet Radiation Ultraviolet Rays Sunburn Drug-Induced Photosensitivity Sunscreens and Other Protective Measures Primary Disorders of the Skin Infectious Pr...

Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is a rare syndrome, defined as the simultaneous presence of vascular nevus and melanocytic nevus in the same patient. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman presented with dermal melanosis and extensive vascular nevus, which match the typical manifestations of phakomatosis pigmetovascularis of cesioflammea type, according to Happle's classification. The rare o...

OCULAR manifestations of polyarteritis nodosa are well recognized. Changes in the choroidal, ciliary, orbital, and retinal vessels have all been described (Duke-Elder and Dobree, 1967). Hitherto, the retinopathy of this condition has been described on the basis of ophthalmoscopic and pathological appearances. The technique of fluorescein fundus photography is particularly well suited to the inv...

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem connective tissue disease of unknown etiology. Similar to other connective tissue diseases, SSc follows a chronic course, occurs more commonly in women, and is highly heterogeneous in its protean clinical manifestations. The hallmarks of SSc are autoimmunity and inflammation, functional and structural abnormalities in small blood vessels in multiple vas...

The atherosclerotic coronary vasculature is not only the culprit but also a victim of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Manifestations of such injury are increased vascular permeability and edema, endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasomotion, microembolization of atherothrombotic debris, stasis with intravascular cell aggregates, and finally, in its most severe form, capillary destruct...

Nucleotides and nucleosides-such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine-are famous for their intracellular roles as building blocks for the genetic code or cellular energy currencies. In contrast, their function in the extracellular space is different. Here, they are primarily known as signaling molecules via activation of purinergic receptors, classified as P1 receptors for adenosine or...

Recent studies have challenged the notion that "lower is better" for blood pressure in relation to vascular events and mortality in patients with vascular disease, whereas practice guidelines currently recommend to lower blood pressure to <130/80 mm Hg. We reassessed this J-curved relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with various mani...

Recent studies have challenged the notion that “lower is better” for blood pressure in relation to vascular events and mortality in patients with vascular disease, whereas practice guidelines currently recommend to lower blood pressure to 130/80 mm Hg. We reassessed this J-curved relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with various manif...