BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although subcortical vascular dementia, the major subtype of vascular dementia, is caused by a disruption in white matter integrity after cerebrovascular insufficiency, no therapy has been discovered that will restore cerebral perfusion or functional cerebral vessels. Because adrenomedullin (AM) has been shown to be angiogenic and vasoprotective, the purpose of the study ...

See related article, pages ●●●–●●●. R esearch on vascular factors in dementia and vascular cognitive impairment has gone through some major developments the past decades. Until 1993, the term multi-infarct dementia was used to distinguish dementia caused by one or more infarctions from Alzheimer disease. 1 Research on cognitive functioning aimed at obvious cognitive impairment after a stroke, t...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have previously shown delayed poststroke dementia in elderly (≥75 years old) stroke survivors is associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy; however, the basis of the structural and functional changes is unknown. METHODS Using 3-dimensional stereological methods, we quantified hippocampal pyramidal neuronal volumes and densities in a total of 95 postmortem samples ...

This review was undertaken to evaluate critically the literature pertaining to vascular dementia with the objective of determining a more useful and scientifically supported definition of vascular dementia, its relation to other causes of dementia, and the biologic mechanisms involved in its causation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dilated perivascular spaces have been shown to be a specific biomarker of cerebral small-vessel disease in young patients with dementia. Our aim was to examine the discriminative power of dilated cerebral perivascular spaces as biomarkers of small-vessel disease in a very elderly population of patients with dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied healthy volunteers (...

Dementia in general and Alzheimer's disease in particular is increasingly seen in association with autoimmunity being causatively or supportively involved in the pathogenesis. Besides classic autoantibodies (AABs) present in dementia patients, there is the new autoantibody class called functional autoantibodies, which is directed against G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs; GPCR-AABs) and are se...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to verify the association between diabetes and the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia in twins and to explore whether genetic and early-life environmental factors could contribute to this association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 13,693 twin individuals aged > or =65 years. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-IV (Diagnostic M...

A short history of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia is presented. The socio-medical events that led to the dominance of Alzheimer disease are discussed. Alzheimer's contributions to our current understanding of vascular dementia are reviewed.

T he term vascular dementia is generally used to describe the dementias that are thought to be caused by thromboembolic cerebral vascular disease. The dementia has been said to be the result of infarction of a significant amount (100 ml) of brain tissue irrespective of the location of the lesion,a view that seems to conform to the hypothesis of Lashley, who correlated severity of memory loss to...

BACKGROUND Vascular dementia is a common disorder resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Determining the extent to which genes play a role in disease susceptibility and their pathophysiological mechanisms could improve our understanding of vascular dementia, leading to a potential translation of this knowledge to clinical practice. DISCUSSION In this review, we discuss what is cur...