Increased understanding of the mechanisms of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis has provided a glimpse at some of the molecules involved in the pathophysiology of hemangiomas and vascular malformations. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis and the differentiation of arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels. We integrate t...

Vascular anomalies are lesions seen in all surgical disciplines, particularly in pediatric patients. Specialization in vascular anomalies involves a team effort, with the team consisting of plastic surgeons, general surgeons, neurosurgeons, pediatricians, interventional radiologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, otolaryngologists, hematologists, and pathologists. Inconsistent nomenclature ...

total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (tapvc) is an anomaly in which the pulmonary veins are directly connected to one of the systemic veins or drain into the right atrium. management of pulmonary hypertension after the total correction of this congenital cardiac anomaly is very important. unligation of the vertical vein in the supracardiac type of this anomaly can be a draining pathway f...

Introduction Although the circulatory system cannot properly be considered except as a whole, there is such an abundance of pathological conditions to which it is subject, in whole or in part, that limitations of space alone demand that it be divided into parts and that only a part be considered here. This paper will therefore be confined to the peripheral vascular system, which is arbitrarily ...

Pediatric vascular malformations of the central nervous system differ from those seen in adults. Their classification may be based on symptoms, pathomechanics, patient's age, morphologic features, or presumed etiology. This review describes the different classification schemes and the endovascular management options of these rare and challenging diseases. The proposed etiologic classification o...

Abstract Background Aortic arch and vertebral artery anomalies are vascular variations that occur as a result of embryological developmental defects. Bicarotid trunk anomaly is rare aortic refers to common single origin carotid arteries. VA mostly unilateral the most LVA originating from arch. Abnormal RVA RCCA anomaly. In this case, we presented ARSA bicarotid with abnormal Case presentation A...

Vein of Galen aneurysm malformation (VGAM) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly. Although the cause of VGAM remains to be elucidated, the current hypothesis is persistence of the embryonic vascular supply, which leads to progressive enlargement and formation of the aneurysmal component of a typical VGAM. Here, we present a 36-year-old woman at 23 weeks' gestation (gravida 3, para 2) who was ev...

BACKGROUND Class 3 urogenital malformations are a rarely encountered in the clinical setting. The association with complex vascular malformations represent a challenge in diagnosis and intraoperative management with an enhanced degree of the complexity. CASE PRESENTATION Young female presented to the emergency department with pain in the left lower quadrant and unspecific abdominal symptoms t...

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare and critical congenital vascular anomaly that requires an early operation. However, initial symptoms of TAPVR may be non-specific, and cardiovascular findings may be minimal. The heart may not be enlarged and there is often no cardiac murmur. Without cardiac murmur, these symptoms are similar to those of respiratory distress syndrome in ...

BACKGROUND Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a rare vasculopathy. The etiology of this disease is unknown. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) of vertebrobasilar system refer to a transient (< 24 hours) lowering of blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain. We present a case of dolichoectasia in the vertebrobasilar artery that presented with TIAs. CASE REPORT A hypertensive 54-...