Heat flux from convection in Earth's mantle has recently been suggested to vary substantially (20–30%) with the Wilson cycle of continental aggregation and dispersal, because of possible changes in the aspect ratio of convective cells, and the present-day heat flux may be at the maximum at such a temporal variation. This possibility of strong temporal fluctuations in heat flux has an important ...

Controlled nuclear fusion is the most promising candidate for being an inexhaustible, clean and intrinsically safe energy source. Research in the last 60 years has focused on the fusion reactor concept called tokamak, in which a high temperature plasma is confined using magnetic fields, producing fusion reactions. Because of turbulence, the confined plasma diffuses to the outermost region of th...

[1] A large‐eddy simulation (LES) code is coupled with a land surface model to investigate the diurnal variation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The diurnal evolution of the ABL is driven by a time‐varying incoming solar radiation. The results show that the domain average surface fluxes of sensible heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide are smooth functions of time but the fluxes at any...

Mathematical model of direct and inverse problems is developed for the flat plate probe which is subjected to timedependent heat flux at one end, while the other end is kept insulated. The direct solution, which is concerned with determination of the temperature distribution in the probe, is developed using an approach based on the method of variation of parameters. The direct solution is used ...

Inclusion of vegetation is critical for urban land surface models (ULSM) to represent reasonably the turbulent sensible and latent heat flux densities in an urban environment. Here the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), an ULSM, is used to simulate the Bowen ratio at a number of urban and rural sites with vegetation cover varying between 1% and 98%. The results show that JULES is able...

Stably stratified canopy flow in complex terrain has been considered a difficult condition for measuring net ecosystem–atmosphere exchanges of carbon, water vapor, and energy. A long-standing advection error in eddy-flux measurements is caused by stably stratified canopy flow. Such a condition with strong thermal gradient and less turbulent air is also difficult for modeling. To understand the ...

The thermal management of high heat fluxes is a critical roadblock in the way of higher-performance microelectronics. The ongoing reduction in microtransistor size translates into heat fluxes comparable to those encountered in nuclear reactions and rocket nozzles, but under much severer temperature constraints. Although the average heat flux may remain in the vicinity of 100 to 300 W/cm, the pe...

The unsteady hydro-magnetic free convection flow with heat transfer of a linearly viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid near a moving vertical plate with the constant heat is investigated. The flow domain is the porous half-space and a magnetic field of a variable direction is applied. The Caputo time-fractional derivative is employed in order to introduce a thermal flux consti...

Experiments performed on FTU tokamak, aiming at validation of physics-based transport models of the electron temperature profile resilience, are presented. ECRH is used to probe transport features, both in steady state and in response to time-varying heating, while LHCD is used for current density profile shaping. The experiments clearly show resiliency in the electron temperature profile respo...