The responses of the nested groundwater flow systems (NGFS) to rainfall fluctuations and impacts NGFS on surface runoff are explored using a fully coupled variably saturated groundwater-surface water model in conjunction with spectral analysis. Numerical experiments designed investigate fractal behaviors hydraulic head different scenarios. results show that inlets, outlets, patterns sub-systems...

Estimating hydraulic properties and monitoring water flow in fractured rocks using self-potential observations essentially relies on our ability to model streaming potential. One of the most promising approaches for modeling electrokinetic couplings is based macroscopic quantification excess charge which effectively transported by pore flow. In this study, we derive a fractal predict effective ...