A new C-8 prenylated 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin named omphamurrayin was isolated from the leaves of Murraya paniculata var. omphalocarpa, and its structure was established as 5,7-dimethoxy-8-(1-oxo-2-senecioyl-3-methyl-3-butenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one on the basis of the spectroscopic evidence. The taxonomic status of M. paniculata var. omphalocarpa is briefly discussed, along with its synonymity to...

This paper develops a new test to evaluate Value at Risk (VaR) forecasts. VaR is a standard risk measure widely utilized by financial institutions and regulators, yet estimating VaR is a challenging problem, and popular VaR forecast relies on unrealistic assumptions. Hence, assessing the performance of VaR is of great importance. We propose the geometric-VaR test which utilizes the duration bet...

Over the last few years, there has been a growing interest in DSGE modelling for predicting macroeconomic ‡uctuations and conducting quantitative policy analysis. Hybrid DSGE models have become popular for dealing with some of the DSGE misspeci…cations as they are able to solve the tradeo¤ between theoretical coherence and empirical …t. However, these models are still linear and they do not con...

We investigate context-free languages with respect to the measure Var of descriptional complexity, which gives the minimal number of nonterminals which is necessary to generate the language. Especially, we consider the behaviour of this measure with respect to operations. For given numbers c1, c2, . . . , cn and an nary operation τ on languages we discuss the range of Var(τ(L1, L2, . . . , Ln))...

The Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family plays a central role in antigenic variation and cytoadhesion of P. falciparum infected erythrocytes. PfEMP1 proteins/var genes are classified into three main subfamilies (UpsA, UpsB, and UpsC) that are hypothesized to have different roles in binding and disease. To investigate whether these subfamilies have diverged in bin...

Let ∆̂n,q = ∑n i=1 wi`i andWn = ∑n i=1 wi with wi = p(xi) q(xi) and `i = `(f1(xi), yi)−`(f2(xi), yi). We note that for examples drawn according to q(x), E[∆̂n,q] = n∆ and E[Wn] = n. The random variables w1, . . . , wn and w1`1, . . . , wn`n are iid, therefore the central limit theorem implies that 1 n∆̂ 0 n,q and 1 nWn are asymptotically normally distributed with √ n ( 1 n ∆̂n,q −∆ ) n→∞ −→ N (0,Va...

BACKGROUND In clinical practice, GPs appeared to have an internalized concept of "vulnerability." This study investigates the variability between general practitioners (GPs) in their vulnerability-assessment of older persons. METHODS Seventy-seven GPs categorized their 75-plus patients (n = 11392) into non-vulnerable, possibly vulnerable, and vulnerable patients. GPs personal and practice cha...

This paper presents a procedure for estimating VAR using Sequential Discounting VAR (SDVAR) algorithm for online model learning to detect fraudulent acts using the telecommunications call detailed records (CDR). The volatility of the VAR is observed allowing for non-linearity, outliers and change points based on the works of [1]. This paper extends their procedure from univariate to multivariat...

(See pages 441–2 for the Photo Quiz) Figure 2. Periodic acid Schiff stain showing ovoid yeasts (diameter, ∼10 mm) with thick cell wall, vacuolated cytoplasm, and narrow-based bud (arrow) (original magnification, ϫ420). Figure 1. Immunohistochemical stain for lysozyme (arrow) revealing a giant cell with multiple ovoid cysts in the cytoplasm (original magnification , ϫ240). Diagnosis: Vaginal Afr...