A new method of protein crystallization, the floating-drop vapour-diffusion technique, has been developed. The method combines the traditional sitting-drop vapour-diffusion technique and a novel two-liquid system. A crystallization drop composed of a mixture of sample and reagent floats on an insoluble and very dense liquid. Protein crystals are grown by vapour diffusion at the interface of the...

Firstly the method of joint synthesis of carbon molecules and their hydrides is developed. The stage of high-temperature sublimation of carbon in a new method of generation of carbon molecules is completely excluded. By mass spectrometric method the condensation products of new method of pyrolysis (NMP) benzene are studied. Firstly clusters (C3-C17), typical for carbon vapour, in substances obt...

Sorption and permeation of several organic vapours in poly(dimethylsiloxane) were investigated. Solubility and permeability coefficients measured show a strong dependence of the applied vapour activity typical for these systems, contrary to the behaviour of permanent gases. However, as irregularities in the series of chloromethanes show, highest sorption does not necessarily lead to the highest...

Spark plasma sintered 3Y-TZP has been investigated with respect to hydrothermal ageing and grinding. The sintering was performed between the temperatures of 1,100 and 1,600 °C for a soaking time of 5 minutes and the resulting materials were obtained with grain sizes between 65 to 800 nm and relative densities between 88.5 to 98.8%. Experiments on hydrothermal ageing in water vapour at 131 °C, 2...

A major challenge that arises when growing GaN substrates in a single run process is the remaining curvature of the freestanding material after the removal of the foreign substrate. For a long time the dislocation density gradient has been suspected to be the cause. However, by conducting etching experiments, we have found that this cannot be the only reason. We postulate that the initial strai...

Thick GaN layers have been grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on different GaN templates grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Crack formation could be reduced by using a hydrogen/nitrogen carrier gas mixture. By carefully optimizing the growth conditions in the final stage of the process, excellent surface morphologies could be obtained at still acceptably high growth rates. Up t...

(Subcooled) liquid vapour pressures and heat of vaporization of low-volatility isomeric organic compounds (tetrachlorobenzyltoluenes, TCBTs) were determined by two gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) methods, By the first method vapour pressures and temperature-independent heats of vaporization of nine TCBTs were obtained at experimental temperatures (433.15-493.15 K) and linearly extrapolated to ...

The various fluxes of radiation to and from the Earth’s surface are among the most important variables in the heat economy of the Earth as a whole and at any individual place at the Earth’s surface or in the atmosphere. Radiation measurements are used for the following purposes: (a) To study the transformation of energy within the Earth-atmosphere system and its variation in time and space; (b)...

Hard, refractory thin films consisting of group IVB element mono-nitrides deposited using various chemical and physical vapour-deposition techniques are widely used in wear-resistant applications. As the demand for performance exceeds the capabilities of existing materials, new materials with superior properties must be developed. Here we report the realization and characterization of hard cubi...