The reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO2 ), has become one of the most serious issues in the world today to build a sustainable world. Digital economy have several contributions to the reduction of GHG emissions. Among them,Carbon credits is one of the most important and effect approach to reducing the amount of GHG emissions, where carbon credits are generated by...

This report uses data on individual smart phones as well industry to identify which smartphone firms capture the most value. It finds that Apple captures of profits, thanks its high prices, large profit margins and volume iPhone sales worldwide. Apple’s success is explained a result ability develop own intellectual property (IP) take advantage IP created by suppliers through strategy selling on...

Measures devised to quantify production upstreamness and downstreamness in value chains have been introduced and used increasingly in recent years. While the constructs embodied in these measures are meaningful, this paper identifies an overlooked implementation problem. Specifically, the algorithms have been applied either as though the underlying data represent flows, or under the assumption ...

This paper provides an ontology-based set of Petri-nets for simulating the effect of business process changes on an organisation’s liquidity, and demonstrates that certain types of business process redesign can increase or reduce the amount of external funding that is required to prevent an organisation from defaulting on its debt. This debt defaulting may lead to proliferating liquidity constr...

Globalisation has become a catchword for the international economy in the late 20th century. It is a truism that nations have become more interdependent through the flows of goods, services, and financial capital since the 1 970s. The growing importance of export-oriented industrialisation has made integration into the global economy virtually synonymous with development for a number of nations...

The productivity of tropical agricultural commodities is affected by the health of the ecosystem. Shade tolerant crops such as coffee and cocoa benefit from environmental services provided by forested landscapes, enabling landscape design that meets biodiversity conservation and economic needs. What can motivate farmers to apply and maintain such landscape approaches? Rather than rely on a prol...