IQ has played a prominent part in developmental and adult psychology for decades. In the absence of a clear theoretical model of internal cognitive functions, however, construct validity for IQ tests has always been difficult to establish. Test validity, therefore, has always been indirect, by correlating individual differences in test scores with what are assumed to be other criteria of intell...

BACKGROUND Validation is the process of providing evidence that tests and questionnaires are adequately and appropriately fulfilling the purposes for which they are developed. In this special issue, experts from several countries describe specific approaches to test validation and provide examples of their approach. These approaches and examples illustrate the validation framework implied by th...

patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, data of 584 female patients (mean age of 45.9 years) referred to breast cancer research center (tehran, iran) were analyzed anonymously. spss and norm softwares (2.03) were used for data transformation, running and interpretation of cca and replacing missing values, respectively. data were obtained from breast cancer research center, tehran, i...

the stability analysis of islanded inverter-based microgrids (ibmgs) is increasingly an important and challenging topic due to the nonlinearity of ibmgs. in this paper, a new linear model for such microgrids as well as an iterative method to correct the linear model is proposed. using the linear model makes it easy to analyze the eigenvalues and stability of ibmgs due to the fact that it derive...

objectives: it is essential for clinicians to have adequate knowledge about root canal configurations; although its morphology varies largely in different ethnicities and even in different individuals with the same ethnic background. the current study aims to review the root canal configurations of mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars in an iranian population based on different epidemiol...

Introduction: Despite interest in improving performance management in universities, few studies have examined this topic. Because of the absence of validated tools in Iran for assessing behavior performance management, this study was conducted to validate the behavior performance management scale. Objective: This study aimed to assess the psychometric adequacy of the Performance Management Beh...

Reading motivation is a well-researched topic in relation to first language literacy development due to its influence on both reading processes and outcomes. In second language reading, the role of motivation has not been as thoroughly explored. The aim of this review of literature is to highlight established studies as well as recent explorations in some recurring areas of first and second lan...